Effects of Utilizing Disposed Fish of White Nile River on Performance of Layers', Gezira, Sudan

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ج.ای. سالیح ¹ (Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Sudan)
م.اس. النور ² (Department of Poultry Production, College of Animal Production, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan)
آ.ای. عبد-الگابر ³ (Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Sudan)
م.آ. دفالاه ⁴ (Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Sudan)
م.آ.ای. الخیری ⁵ (Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Sudan|College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/03/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/11

کلید واژه: layers, disposed fish, egg characteristics, indirect boiling, Roasting,

چکیده مقاله :

An experiment has been performed to utilize the wasted and disposed fish from White Nile River after simple heat treatments (Sun drying, roasting, direct boiling and indirect boiling) in layers’ rations from 19 up to 40 weeks to replace the imported concentrate with the levels of 0, 1.5, 3.5 and 5% for all heat treatments. The crude protein of treated fish was 50.75, 52.50, 50.55 and 50.05% for sun drying, roasting, direct boiling and indirect boiling, respectively and for super concentrate 31.50%. Rations had been formulated according to NRC, 1994 recommendations. A total of 390 birds of Hy-line W-98 at 19 week of age were randomly distributed for groups, 5 group (6 replicate/13 birds). The performance of layers during the productive period (22 up to 40 weeks) showedsignificant differences (P<0.05) for feed intake, body weight gain, egg production and egg quality characteristics among treatment groups. The sun dried, roasted and supper concentrate respectively had the highest feed intake and body weight, while indirect boiling and boiling fish showed the lowest one. Sun dried 1.5%, roasted 1.5 and 3.5% levels and supper concentrates were the best egg production percentages and weights while the indirect boiling and direct boiling treatments were the lowest ones. There were no any significant differences among treatments for egg shell, weight, shell thickness and panel test. The study recommended the utilization of local wasted and disposal fish of White Nile River in substitution of importedconcentrates in layers rations.

چکیده انگلیسی:

در این آزمایش از ماهیان دفعی رودخانه نیل سفید پس از تیمار حرارتی ساده (شامل خشک کردن در آفتاب، برشته کردن، جوشاندن مستقیم و جوشاندن غیرمستقیم) در جیره­های تخمگذار از هفته 19 تا 40 و با هدف جایگزینی کنسانتره وارداتی با سطوح 0، 5/1، 5/3 و 5 درصد در همه تیمارهای حرارتی استفاده شد. پروتئین خام ماهیان تیمار شده برای تیمارهای خشک شده در آفتاب، برشته شده، جوشانده مستقیم، جوشانده غیرمستقیم و کنسانتره عالی به ترتیب برابر با 50، 75، 50/52، 55/50 و 05/50 درصد بوده است. جیره­ها بر مبنای توصیه­های NRC سال 1994 تنظیم گردیدند. مجموعاً 390 پرنده از سویه­های­لاین W-98 در سن 19 هفتگی انتخاب شده و به صورت تصادفی در 5 گروه تیماری (با 6 تکرار و 13 پرنده در هر تکرار) توزیع گردیدند. عملکرد مرغ­های تخمگذار در طی دوره تولیدی (22 تا 40 هفتگی) از نظر صفات مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن، تولید تخم و خصوصیات کیفی تخم بین تیمارهای مختلف، اختلاف معنی­داری نشان می­دادند (05/0>P). تیمارهای خشک شده در آفتاب، برشته شده و کنسانتره عالی دارای بالاترین مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن بوده ولی تیمارهای جوشانده مستقیم و غیرمستقیم پایین­ترین مقدار را در صفات فوق نشان می­دادند. سطوح 5/1 درصد تیمار خشک شده در آفتاب، 5/1 و 5/3 درصد در تیمار برشته شده و کنسانتره عالی دارای بهترین درصد و وزن تولید تخم بوده ولی تیمارهای جوشانده شده مستقیم و غیرمستقیم دارای پایین­ترین عملکرد در صفات فوق بودند. تفاوت معنی­داری بین تیمارها از نظر پوسته تخم، وزن، کلفتی پوسته و آزمون پنل مشاهده نگردید. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­شود که از بقایا و دفعیات محلی ماهیان رودخانه نیل سفید به عنوان جایگزین کنسانتره وارداتی در جیره­های تخمگذار استفاده گردد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Alexis M.N., Paparaskeva-Papoutsoglou E. and Theochri V. (1985). Formulation of practical diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) made by partial or complete substitutes for fish meal by poultry by-product and certain plant by-products. Aquaculture. 50, 61-73.

Al-Harthi A.M., El-Deek A.A., Yakout H.M. and AL-Refaee M. (2009). The nutritive value of date waste meal as feed stuff for Lohmann brown pullets and layers. Japan Poult. Sci. Assoc. 46, 303-312.

AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 16^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

ARC. (2008). Agricultural Research Corporation. Metrological Unit. Available at: http://www.arcsudan.sd.

Bonekamp R.P.R.T.,Lemme A., Wijtten P.J.A. and Sparla J.K.W.M. (2010). Effects of amino acids on egg number and egg mass of brown (heavy breed) and white (light breed) laying hens. Poult. Sci. 89, 522-529.

Bryant G., Wu M.M., Gunawardana P. and Roland Sr D.A. (2007). Effect of nutrient density on performance, egg components, egg solids, egg quality, and profits in eight commercial Leghorn Strains during phase one. Poult. Sci. 86, 691-697.

Chowdhury Sachchidananda D., Zeenat S., Musabbir A., Bishan L.C., Shubash C.D. and Bimol C.R. (2005). The nutritionale value Khesari for growing and laying pullets. J. Poult. Sci. 42, 308-320.

Dickey E.R., Johnson A.K., Stalder K.J. and Bregendahl K., (2012). Effects of a premolt calcium and low-energy molt program on laying hen performance, egg quality and economics. Poult. Sci. 91, 292-303.

Duncan D.B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F-tests. Biometrics. 11, 1-42.

Ellis N. (1981). The nutrient composition of Sudanese animal feeds. Bulletin 1: Northern Central Sudan. Central Animal Nutrition Research Laboratory, Kuku, Khartoum, Sudan.

Elobied A.O. (2003). Improved sun-drying of fish. M.S Thesis. University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Fowlerm L.G. (1991). Poultry by-product meal as a dietary protein source in fall chinook salmon diets. Aquaculture. 99, 309-321.

Mutayoba S.K., Mutayoba B.M. and Okot P. (2003). The performance of growing pullets fed diets with varying energy and leucaena leaf meal levels. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org.

Neijat M., house J.D., Guenter W. And Kebreab E. (2011). Calcium and phosphorus dynamics in commercial laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cage systems. Poult. Sci. 90, 2383-2396.

Novak C., Yakout H.M. and Scheideler S.E. (2006). The effect of dietary protein level and total sulfur amino acid: lysine ratio on egg production parameters and egg yield in Hy-Line W-98 hen. Poult. Sci. 85, 2195-2206.

Omer M.I. (2000). Utilization of some local animal and plant protein supplements for poultry in Sudan. Ph D. Thesis. University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Omer Dar-elgalal Ah Y. (2012). Biochemical and microbial analyses of wasted and disposed fish meal subjected to different heat treatments to be used as poultry feed. MS Thesis. Gezira Univ., Sudan.

Park Jae H. and Kyeong S.R. (2011). Relationship between dietary protein and Betaine supplementation in laying hens. Japan Poult. Sci. Assoc. 48, 217-222.

Perez-Bonilla A., Novoa S., Garc J., Mohiti-Asli M., Frikha M. and Mateos G.G. (2012). Effects of energy concentration of the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens differing in initial body weight. Poult. Sci. 91, 3156-3166.

Rao S.V., Rama V., Ravindran T., Srilatha A.K., Panda M.V. and Raju L.N. (2011). Effect of dietary concentrations of energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine on the performance of White Leghorn layers in the tropics. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 528-541. 

Salih G.E., Ibrahim E.A., Mutaz S.B. and Awad M.A.R. (2012). The effect of direct and indirect boiling on chemical composition and microbial load of disposed waste fish of White Nile State, Sudan. Gezira J. Engin. Appl. Sci. 7(1), 1-17.

Shim M.Y., Song E., Billard L., Aggrey S.E., Pesti G.M. and Sodsee P. (2013). Effects of balanced dietary protein levels on egg production and egg quality parameters of individual commercial layers. Poult. Sci. Assoc. Inc. 92, 2687-2696.

Sirirat N., Jin-Jenn L., Alex Tsubg-Yu H. and Tu-Fa L. (2013). Effect of different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on performance, egg quality, mineral retention and tissues minerals accumulation in layer chickens. J. Agric. Sci. 5(2), 150-159.

Sittiya J. and Koh-en Y. (2014). Effects of replacing corn with whole grain paddy rice in laying hen diets on egg production performance. J. Adv. Agric. Technol. 1, 1-14.

SPSS Inc. (2012). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 21. Chicago SPSS Inc. USA.

Steel R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biochemical Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York.