Evaluation of Laying Performance and Egg Qualitative Characteristics of Indigenous Hens Reared in Rural Areas of Isfahan Province
محورهای موضوعی : Camelع.ع قیصری 1 , ق. مقصودی نژاد 2 , ع. آذربایجانی 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran
کلید واژه: egg production, egg quality parameters, indigenous chicken, Isfahan rural regions,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was carried out to investigate the egg production performance and egg quality characteristics of the indigenous chickens reared in rural areas of two different climates of Isfahan province. Totally, 2160 indigenous chickens were studied in this research. Two dominant climatic regions (cold and hot) were determined for Isfahan province. In each climate, two towns and three villages in each town were chosen. Chadegan and Khansar were considered as cold and Kashan as well as Varzane were considered as towns in hot climate. Furthermore, six families were determined as experimental units in each village (a total of 72 families). Primarily, thirty-six chicks and four roosters of 45 day-old ages were delivered to each family. Laying performance of the chicks was recorded during the laying period (21-72 weeks of age). The egg quality characteristics were recorded once every two months. The results showed that although climate affected egg production across 25-32 and 57-64 weeks of ages (P<0.05), it did not influence the average egg production during the entire laying period. The least egg production observed in Chadegan (25.9%) which was significantly lower than Varzane and Khansar (35.9% and 37.5%, respectively; P<0.05). Moreover, shell qualitative index in cold climate was statistically better than that in hot climate (P<0.05). Chadegan had the highest egg shell thickness and shell to egg weight ratio among four towns (P<0.05). Furthermore, yolk color index in hot climate was significantly improved compared to cold climate (P<0.05). In conclusion, the egg qualitative characteristics were affected by climate conditions.
آزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و در هر اقلیم دو شهر و در هر شهر سه روستا مورد انتخاب قرار گرفتند. چادگان و کاشان به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم سرد و کاشان و ورزنه به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم گرم درنظر گرفته شدند. در هر روستا شش خانواده به عنوان واحد آزمایشی انتخاب (مجموعا 72 خانواده) وتعداد 36 قطعه مرغ و 4 قطعه خروس بومی 45 روزه به هر خانواده تحویل داده شد. عملکرد تخمگذاری جوجهها در طول دوره تخمگذاری (21 تا 72 هفتگی) رکوردبرداری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغها هر دو ماه یک بار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد، اگر چه اقلیم بر تولید تخم مرغ طی دورههای 25 تا 32 و 57 تا 64 هفتگی تأثیرگذار بود (05/0P<) ولی بر میانگین تولید در کل دوره تخمگذاری تأثیری نداشت. کمترین میزان تولید تخم مرغ در چادگان مشاهده شد (9/25 درصد) که به طور معنیداری کمتر از ورزنه (9/35 درصد) و خوانسار (5/37 درصد) بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخصهای کیفی پوسته در اقلیم سرد به طور معنیداری بهتر از اقلیم گرم بود (05/0P<). بالاترین میزان ضخامت پوسته و نسبت ضخامت پوسته به وزن تخم مرغ در میان چهار شهر مورد آزمایش مربوط به چادگان بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص رنگ زرده در اقلیم گرم به طور معنیداری نسبت به اقلیم سرد بهبود یافت (05/0P<). به طور کلی، خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار گرفت.
Afifian A. (2006). Effect of use of different phase feeding methods on reproduction performance of native hens. MS Thesis. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic AzadUniversity, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Deljoisaraian J., Alipanah M. and Mohamadnia Koushki R. (2011). Factors affecting hatching and fertile eggs in indigenous chicken of Khazak. Pp. 51-56 in Proc. 1st Congr. Sci. New Technol. Agric. Zanjan, Iran.
Elibol O., PeakS.D. and Brake J. (2002). Effect of flock age, length of egg storage and frequency of turning during storage on hatchability of broilers hatching eggs. Poult. Sci. 81, 945-950.
Etches R.J. (1998). Reproduction in Poultry. Acribia, Zaragoza, Spain.
Gheisari A.A. and Golian A. (1996). Effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on laying performance of Isfahan indigenous hens in their laying period. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 2, 29-35.
Gheisari A.A. and Azarbayejani A. (2013). Practical Principles to Keep Indigenous Hens. Arkan Danesh, Isfahan, Iran.
Gheisari A.A., Afifian A., Poureza J., Jahanfar H. and Sheikh Hadian H. (2008). Effect of use of different phase feeding methods on performance and egg quality characteristics in Esfahan native hens. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 78, 65-73.
Haugh R.R. (1937). Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US. Egg Poult. 43, 552-555.
Kalita N., Gawande S.S. and Barua N. (2009). Production and reproduction performance of indigenous chicken in Assam under rural condition. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 44, 5519-5529.
Khalafalla A.I., Awad S. and Hass W. (2001). Village Poultry Production in Sudan. University of Khartoum Publications, Khartoum, North Sudan.
Kingori A.M., Wachira A.M. and Tuitoek J.K. (2010). Indigenous chicken production in Kenya: a review. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9, 309-316.
Miles R.D. and Jacob P.J. (2000). Feeding the Commercial Egg Type Laying Hen. Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, University of Florida. Cooperative Extension Services, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science. Available at: http:/edis.ifas.ufi.edu.
Naroshin V.G., Romanow M.N. and Bogaryr V.P. (2002). Relation between pre-incubation egg parameters and chick weight after hatching in broiler breeders. Anim. Prod. Technol. 83, 373-381.
Nourollahi H. (2013). Reviewing the Performance of Indigenous Chicken in Rural Areas of Fars Province. Agriculture and NaturalResearchCenter of Fars, Fars, Iran.
NyaiyoN.M. (2014). Effects of climate variability and other factors on the outbreak and spread of Newcastle disease in suneka division of Kisii county. MS Thesis. Kenyatta Univ., Kenya.
Pedroso A.A., Andrade M.A., Café M.B., Leandro N.S., Menten J.F. and Stringnini J.H. (2005). Fertility and hatchability of eggs lay in the pullet to breeder transition period and in the initial production period. Anim. Rep. Sci. 90, 355-364.
Pourreza J. (1991). Scientific and Practical Principles of Poultry Production. Arkan Danesh, Isfahan, Iran.
Ramlah A.H. )1996). Performance of village chicken in Malasia. World’s Poult. Sci. 52, 75-79.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Spratt R.S. and Leeson S. (1987). Broiler breeder performance in response to diet protein and energy. Poult. Sci. 66, 683-693.
Vali N. (2008). Indigenous chicken production in Iran: a review. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 15, 2525-2531.
Yakuba M., Ogah D.M. and Barde R.E. (2008). Productivity and egg quality characteristics for free range naked neck and normal feathered Nigerian indigenous chicken. Poult. Sci. 7, 579-585.
