Image Process Tool an Alternative Method for Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Structure in Mohabadi Goat
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
S. Nazmi Karkaj
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
A. Javanmard
2
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
S. Alijani
3
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
K. Hasanpur
4
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
S. Sadeghi
5
(
Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Ghiam Dairy Complex, Isfahan 833111-4761, Iran
)
کلید واژه: dairy goats, milk characteristics, udder morphology,
چکیده مقاله :
Milking ability in goat farming is not particularly new, however, it has frameworks for receiving economic benefits from marketing of milk. For this reason, investigation of varied methods plays an important role to evaluate mammary gland structure in dairy animal. Hence, the overall objective of current work was to test the image processing tools as an alternative method for quantitative assessment of mammary gland structure in Mohabadi goat. Under this circumstance, survey data was collected from 72 Mohabadi does from research station of Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran. The fixed effects for each candidate animal consists of pedigree, birth date, milk characteristics as well as monitoring the history of record during assessment was monitored. Image process tools was based on two stages: First, three different camera photos were taken from different angels of mammary gland structure from both sides of each animal and next step, Digimizzer image processing software was employed for further analysis and estimation of seven morphological dimensions (udder length, teat length and teat angle at both sides and as well as udder height). To investigate this statistically, the descriptive statistics, correlation, different regression analysis, principal component analysis and as well as association study between linear mammary gland traits and milk were analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. The highest correlation was observed in the length of right and left udder (r=0.67 P<0.05). The results revealed that the milk yield was significantly influenced by the length of the right teat (P<0.05). In conclusion, digital image processing may be considered as alternative tools for linear morphological characterization that would provide more accurate observation and measurements on the indigenous goat population.
Abd-Allah M., Abass S.F. and Allam F.M. (2011). Factors affecting the milk yield and composition of Rahmani and Chios sheep. Int. J. Livest. Prod. 2, 24-30.
Adegoke E.O., Machebe N.S., Ezekwe A.G. and Agaviezor O.B. (2016). Effect of parity on changes in udder traits, milk yield and composition of West African dwarf sheep during lactation. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 57(6), 1047-1057.
Akbaş A.A., Elmaz Ö., Sari M. and Saatci M. (2019). Assessment of some udder and teat traits of Honamlı goats in terms of dairy characters. J. Res. Vet. Med. 38(2), 57-64.
Altincekis S.O. and Koyucu M. (2011). Relationship between udder measurements and the linear scores for udder morphology traits in Kivircik, Tahirova and Karacabey Merino ewes. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fac. Derg. 17, 71-76.
Amao O.A., Osinowo O.A., Onwuka C.F.I., Abiola S.S. and Dipeolu M.A. (2003). Evaluation of udder traits in West African Dwarf goats. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 30, 246-252.
Berry D.P., Buckley F., Dillon P., Evans R.D. and Veerkamp R.F. (2004). Genetic relationships among linear type traits, milk yield, body weight, fertility and somatic cell count in primiparous dairy cows. Iranian J. Agric. Food Res. 43, 161-176.
Capote J., Arguello A., Castro N., Lopez L.J. and Caja G. (2006). Correlations between udder morphology, milk yield, and milking ability with different milking frequencies in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2076-2079.
Carnicella D., Dario M., Ayres M.C.C., Laudadio V. and Dario C. (2008). The effect of diet, parity, year and number of kids on milk yield composition in Maltese goat. Small Rumin. Res. 77, 71-74.
Carta A., Casu S. and Salaris S. (2009). Current state of genetic improvement in dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 5814-5833.
El-Awady H.G. and Oudah E.Z.M. (2011). Genetic and economic analysis for the relationship between udder health and milk production traits in Friesian cows. J. Anim. Sci. 24, 1514-1524.
Emediato R.M.S., Siqueira E.R., Stradiotto M.M., Maesta S.A. and Fernandes S. (2008). Relationship between udder measurements and milk yield in Bergamasca ewes in Breazil. Small Rumin. Res. 75, 232-235.
Eyduran E., Yilmaz I., Kaygisiz A. and Aktas Z.M. (2013). An investigation on relationship between lactation milk yield¸ somatic cell count and udder traits in first lactation Turkish Saanen goat using different statistical techniques. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 23, 956-963.
Fernandez G., Alvarez P., San Primitivo F. and De La Fuente L.F. (1995). Factors affecting variation of udder traits of dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 342-849.
Fernandez G., Baro J.A., De La Fuente L.F. and San Primitivo F. (1997). Genetic parameters for linear udder traits of dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 601-605.
Hilali D.M.L. and Jesry T.G. (2009). Udder measurements and milk production in two Awassi sheep genotypes and their crosses. J. Dairy Sci. 92(9), 4613-4620.
Iñiguez L. and Hilali M. (2009). Evaluation of Awassi genotypes for improved milk production in Syria. Livest. Sci. 120, 232-239.
Ishag I.A., Abdalla S.A. and Ahmed M.K.A. (2012). Factors affecting milk production traits of Saanen goat raised under Sudan-semi arid conditions. J. Anim. Feed Res. 5, 435-438.
James I.J. and Osinowo O.A. (2004). Changes in udder size and live weight of West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and Sahel goats during lactation and their phenotypic 88 relationship with partial daily milk yield. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 31, 119-129.
Katanos J., Skapetas B. and Laga V. (2005). Machine milking ability and milk composition of some imported dairy goat breeds and some crosses in Greece. Czech J. Anim. Sci.
50, 394-401.
Keskin S., Kor A. and Karaca S. (2007). Use of factor analysis scores in multiple linear regression model for determining relationships between milk yield and some udder traits in goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 31, 185-188.
Keskin S., Kor A., Karaca S. and Mirtagioglu H. (2005). A study of relationships between milk yield and some udder traits by using of path analysis in Akkeci goats. J. Anim. Sci. 4, 547-550.
Ketto I.A., Massawe I. and Kifaro G.C. (2014). Effects of supplementation, birth type, age and stage of lactation on milk yield and composition of Norwegian × Small East African goats in Morogoro, Tanzania. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/12/kett26234.html.
Khojastekey M. and Dianat R. (2016). The image processing technology and over review of some result of its use in animal husbandry. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 17, 35-44.
Knight C.H. and Wild C.J. (1993). Mammary cell changes during pregnancy and lactation. Livest. Prod. Sci. 35, 3-19.
Kominakis A.P., Papavasiliou D. and Rogdakis E. (2009). Relationships among udder characteristics, milk yield and, non-yield traits in Frizarta dairy sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 84, 82-88.
Kor A., Karaca S., Mirtagioglu H. and Keskin S. (2005). Study of relationships between milk yield and some udder traits by using of path analysis in Akkeci goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 5, 547-550.
Labussière J., Dotchewski D. and Combaud J.F. (1981). Caractéristiques morphologiques de la mamelle des brebis Lacaune. Méthodologie pour l’obtention des donneés. Relations avec l’aptitud à la traite. Ann. Zootech. 30, 115-136.
Martinez M.E., Calderon C., De La Barra R., De La Fuente F. and Gonzalo C. (2011). Udder morphological traits and milk yield of Chilota and Suffolk sheep breeds. Chilian J. Agric. Res. 71, 90-95.
Mckusick B., Berger Y. and Thomas D. (1999). Effects of udder morphology on commercial milk production of East Friesian crossbred ewes. Pp. 55-559 in Proc. 5th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symp., Great Lakes, USA.
McLaren A., Mucha S., Mrode R., Coffey M. and Conington J. (2016). Genetic parameters of linear conformation type traits and their relationship with milk yield throughout lactation in mixed-breed dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 5516-5525.
Merkhan K.Y. (2014). Milk traits and their relationship with udder measurements in Awassi ewes. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 521-526.
Milerski M., Margetín M., Čapistrák A., Apolen D., Špánik J. and Oravcová M. (2006). Relationships between external and internal udder measurements and the linear scores for udder morphology traits in dairy sheep. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 51(9), 383-390.
Morand-Fehr P., Fedele V., Decandia M. and Le Frileux Y. (2007). Influence of farming and feeding systems on composition and quality of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 20-34.
Perez-Cabal M.A., Legaz E., Cervantes I., De La Fuente L.F., Martinez R., Goyache F. and Gutierrez J.P. (2013). Association between body and udder morphological traits and dairy performance in Spanish Assaf sheep. Arch. Tierz. 42, 430-442.
Rogers G.W. and Spencer S.B. (1991). Relationships among udder and teat morphology and milking characteristics. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 4189-4194.
Sadeghi S., Rafat A. and Bohlouli M. (2014). Effect of crossbreeding on linear udder scores and their phenotypic relationships in Iranian fat-tailed ewe's. Biotechnol. Anim. Husb. 30(1), 61-77.
Sadeghi S., Rafat A., Ghaderi Zefrei M., Khaligh F., Rostami K., Bohlouli M., Bahrani Behzadi M. and Mohaghegh M. (2013). Factors affecting external and internal mammary morphology traits and assessment of their interrelationships with milk yield in Lori Bakhtiari breed ewes. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/3/sade25037.htm.
Sadeghi S., Rafat S.A., Moghadam G. and Janmohammadi H.M. (2016). Measuring of udder morphological characteristics among crossbred and pure sheep breeds. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 6(2), 343-348.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sezenler T., Ceyhan A., Yuksel M.A., Koncagul S., Soysal D. and Yildirir M. (2016). Influence of year, parity and birth type on milk yield and milk components of Bandirma sheep (German Black Head Mutton x Kivircik). J. Agric. Sci. 22, 89-98.
Skapetas B., Mazaraki K., Katanos I., Laga V. and Matara H. (2005). Effect of lactation and prolificacy on milkability, composition and somatic cell count of milk of crossbred goats Saanen × native Greek breed. Epeirotike Hestia. 33, 35-51.
Suárez-Trujillo A., Capote J., Argüello A., Castro N., Morales-DelaNuez A. and Torres A. (2013). Effects of breed and milking frequency on udder histological structures in dairy goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 41, 2.1-7.
Torres A., Castro N., Hernández-Castellano L.E., Argüello A. and Capote J. (2012). Short communication: Effects of milking frequency on udder morphology, milk partitioning, and milk quality in 3 dairy goat breeds. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1071-1074.
Türkyılmaz D., Özyürek S., Esenbuğa N. and Yaprak M. (2017). Correlation between various udder measurements and milk components in Morkaraman, Tuj and Awassi sheep. Pakistan J. Zool. 50(5), 1921-1927.
