A Comparison of the Effects of Dietary Ginger Powder and Avilamycin on Growth Performance and Intestinal Salmonella Count of Challenged Broiler Chickens
محورهای موضوعی : Camelع.ا. صادقی 1 , و. ایزدی 2 , پ. شورنگ 3 , م. چمنی 4 , م. امین‌افشار 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: growth, antibiotic, broiler chicks, ginger powder, Salmonella challenging,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger powder on the performance of Salmonella challenged broiler chicks and to compare its efficacy as growth promoter with an antibiotic, avilamycin. In a completely randomized design, 300 chicks were divided into six groups, five replicates with 10 birds per each replicate. The treatments included negative control (basal diet without ginger or antibiotic and challenging), positive control (basal diet without ginger or antibiotic, but with challenging), ginger treated group (5.0 g/kg ginger, without challenging), challenged ginger treated group (5.0 g/kg ginger, with challenging), antibiotic treated group (100 mg/kg avilamycin, without challenging) and challenged antibiotic treated group (100 mg/kg avilamycin, with challenging). The lowest mean of mortality was recorded in the antibiotic treated group and the highest in the positive control. Inclusion of ginger to the diet of challenged chicks decreased numerically the mortality as compared with the positive control. Broilers in the positive control had the lowest overall daily gain. Dietary inclusion of ginger or avilamycin increased (P<0.05) daily weight gain, but the effect of avilamycin was greater than ginger. In the overall period (days 0-42), challenging increased feed conversion ratio and inclusion of avilamycin and ginger to the diet decreased (P<0.05) it, but the effect of avilamycin was greater than ginger. Finally, inclusion of ginger powder in the diet could improve the performance of unchallenged and challenged chicks, but its efficacy is lower than avilamycin.
مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 قطعه جوجه اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل کنترل منفی (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل و بدون آویلامایسین و بدون چالش سالمونلایی)، کنترل مثبت (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل، بدون آویلامایسین و با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافت‌کننده زنجبیل (5 گرم در کیلوگرم، بدون چالش)، گروه دریافت‌کننده زنجبیل در معرض چالش (5 گرم در کیلوگرم با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافت‌کننده آنتی‌بیوتیک (100 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم آویلامایسین بدون چالش سالمونلایی) و گروه دریافت‌کننده آویلامایسین در معرض چالش (100 میلی‌گرم آویلامایسین با چالش سالمونلایی) بود. کمترین میانگین مرگ‌و‌میر به گروه دریافت‌کننده آنتی‌بیوتیک و بیشترین میانگین مرگ‌و‌میر به گروه کنترل مثبت تعلق داشت. افزودن زنجبیل به جیره جوجه‌های در معرض چالش سالمونلایی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مثبت مرگ‌و‌میر کمتری داشت. کمترین افزایش وزن روزانه مربوط به گروه کنترل مثبت بود. افزودن زنجبیل یا آویلامایسین به جیره سبب افزایش معنی‌دار (05/0P<) افزایش وزن روزانه شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. در کل دوره (42 روزه) چالش سالمونلایی سبب افزایش ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد و افزودن آویلامایسین و زنجبیل به جیره سبب کاهش معنی‌دار (05/0P<) آن شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. به‌طور کلی چنین نتیجه‌گیری شد که افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره، سبب بهبود عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی بدون چالش و در معرض چالش سالمونلایی شد و در مقایسه کارآیی زنجبیل کمتر از آویلامایسین بر عملکرد بود.
Aarestrup F.M., Bager F. and Andersen J.S. (2000). Association between the use of avilamycin for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers: Epidemiological study and changes over time. Microb. Drug Resist. 6, 71-75.
Ademola S.G., Farinu G.O. and Babatunde G.M. (2009). Serum lipid, growth and haematological parameters of broilers fed garlic, ginger and their mixtures. World J. Agric. Sci. 5, 99-104.
Akoachere J.F.T.K., Ndip R.N., Chenwi E.B., Ndip L.M., Njock T.E. and Anong D.N. (2002). Antibacterial effect of Zingiber officinale and Garcinia kola on respiratory tract pathogens. East. African Med. J. 79, 588-592.
Al-Homidan A.A. (2005). Efficacy of using different sources and levels of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale on broiler chicks performance. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 12, 96-102.
Ali B.H., Blunden G., Tanira M.O. and Nemmar A. (2007). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger Zingiber offcinalisroscoe: a review of recent research. Food Chem. Toxic. 46, 409-420.
Allen P.C. (1997). Production of free radical species during eimeria maxima infections in chickens. Poult. Sci. 76, 814-821.
Chalghoumi R., Marcq C., Théwis A., Portetelle D. and Beckers Y. (2009). Effects of feed supplementation with specific hen egg yolk antibody (immunoglobin Y) on Salmonella species cecal colonization and growth performances of challenged broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 88,2081-2092.
Chang Y., Liu C., Wu C., Chiang C., Hsieh S. and Lian J. (2012). Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non-specific immune response, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles. Fish. Shell. Fish. Immunol. 32, 284-290.
Dügenci S.K., Arda N. and Candan A. (2003). Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. J. Ethnopharmacol. 88, 99-106.
Ekwenye U.N. and Elegalam N.N. (2005). Antibacterial activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) roscoe and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Inter. J. Molecul. Med. Adv. Sci. 1,411-417.
El-Deek A.A., Attia Y.A., Maysa M. and Hannfy M. (2002). Effect of anise (Pimpinella anisum), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and their mixture on performance of broilers. Arch. Geflügelkd. 67, 92-96.
Farinu G.O., Ademola S.G., Ajayi A.O. and Babatunde G.M. (2009). Growth, haematological and biochemical studies on garlic and ginger-fed broiler chickens. Moor J. Agric. Res. 5, 122-128.
Gugnani H.C. and Ezenwanze E.C. (1985). Antibacterial activity of extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and african oil bean seed (Pentaclethora macrophylla). J. Commun. Dis. 17,233-237.
Hegazy S.M. and Adachi Y. (2000). Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium, zinc, and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and aflatoxin or Salmonella. Poult. Sci. 78, 331-335.
Immanuel G., Uma R.P., Iyapparaj P., Citarasu T., Peter S.M. and Babu M.M. (2009). Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. J. Fish. Biol. 74,1462-1475.
Jones F.T. and Ricket S.C. (2003). Observations on the history of the development of antimicrobials and their use in poultry feeds. Poult. Sci. 82, 613-617.
Kikuzaki H. and Nakatani N. (1993). Antioxidant effect of some ginger constituents. J. Food Sci. 58, 1407-1410.
Kim J.K., Kim Y., Na K.M., Surh Y.J. and Kim T.Y. (2007). Gingerol prevents UVB-induced ROS production and COX-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic. Res. 41, 603-614.
Meena M.R. and Sethi V. (1994). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from spices. J. Food Sci. Technol. 31, 68-70.
Moorthy M., Ravi S., Ravi K.M. and Edwin S.C. (2009). Ginger, pepper and curry leaf powder as feed additive in broiler diet. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 8, 779-782.
Nakamura A., Ota Y., Mizukami A., Ito T., Ngwai Y.B. and Adachi Y. (2002). Evaluation of aviguard, a commercial competitive exclusion product for efficacy and after-effect on the antibody response of chicks to Salmonella. Poult. Sci. 81, 1653-1660.
Onimisi P.A., Dafwang I.I. and Omage J.J. (2005). Growth performance and water consumption pattern of broiler chicks fed graded levels of ginger waste meal. J. Agric. Forest. Social. Sci.3, 113-119.
Soomro A.H., Dewani P., Khaskheli M., Bachal M., Ghiasuddin Shah B. and Memon A. (2010). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry meat in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 34, 455-460.
Stoilova I., Krastanov A., Stoyanova A., Denev P. and Gargova S. (2007). Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract. Food Chem. 102, 764-770.
Venkataramalingam K., Godwin C.J. and Citarasu T. (2007). Zingiber officinalis, an herbal appetizer in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) larviculture. Aqua. Nutr. 13, 439-443.
Zhang G.F, Yang Z.B., Wang Y., Yang W.R., Jiang S.Z. and Gai G.S. (2009). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 88,2159-2166.
Zhao X., Yang Z.B., Yang W.R., Wang Y., Jiang S.Z. and Zhang G.G. (2011). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) on laying performance and antioxidant status of laying hens and on dietary oxidation stability. Poult. Sci. 90, 1720-1727.
Zhou H., Deng Y. and Xie Q. (2006). The modulatory effects of the volatile oil of ginger on the cellular immune response in vitro and in vivo in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 105, 301-305.
