Effects of Electron-Beam Irradiation of the Diet on Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology, Ileal Digestibility and Performance of Broilers
محورهای موضوعی : Camelس. یخکشی 1 , ش. رحیمی 2 , پ. شورنگ 3
1 - Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Karaj, Iran
کلید واژه: ileal digestibility, broiler performance, electron-beam irradiation, microflora,
چکیده مقاله :
A total of 300 one-day old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into four treatment groups. The groups comprised of 15 birds each, and were defined by diet and the birds in each group were fed 0 (control), 3, 5, or 7 kGy electron-beam irradiated diets. A total of 5 replicates were performed. The chemical composition of the diet was not affected by irradiation.Irradiation doses of 5 and 7 kGy completely eliminated microbial load in diets (P<0.05) and decreased the total aerobic and coliform counts in ileum and cecum at increasing rate at 14, 28 and 42 days of age (L: P<0.001; Q: P<0.0001). Total coliforms of the ileum decreased with the increased irradiation dose at 21 and 42 days of age (Q: P<0.0001). Lactobacillus counts improved with increased EBI dose, except for lactobacillus in cecum at 42 days of age. There was a linear increase in villus height (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) with higher irradiation doses at 21 and 42 days of age. Additionally, a linear increase and a decrease in villus height:crypt depth were observed in the jejunum at 21 and 42 days of age, respectively (P<0.05). The villus height:crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum followed a linear increasing rate (Q: P<0.001) with the increased irradiation dose. Feed intake, mortality (all periods), body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were similar between treatments at 1-14 and 14-28 days of age. Body weight gain, however, increased at a rising rate (Q: P<0.001), and feed conversion ratio decreased at a diminishing rate (Q: P<0.01) with higher irradiation doses during 28-42 and 1-42 days of age. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extracts, gross energy, and apparent metabolizable energy increased with the irradiation dose (Q: P<0.001). Our results indicated that electron-beam diet irradiation reduces microbial coliform counts and supports lactic acid producers in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the ileal digestibility of nutrients, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio improve with irradiation.
تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه کاپ 500 به‌صورت تصادفی بین پنج تیمار، پنج تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 جوجه تقسیم شدند. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پرتوتابی نشده)، و جیره پرتوتابی شده با دزهای 3، 5 و 7 کیلوگری بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره تحت تاثیر پرتوتابی قرار نگرفت. پرتوتابی در دزهای 5 و 7 کیلوگری سبب حذف کامل بار میکروبی جیره شد (05/0P<) و با افزایش دز پرتوتابی جمعیت باکتری‌های هوازی و کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم و سکوم در روزهای 14، 28 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش یافت (0001/0; Q: P<001/0L: P<). جمعیت کل کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (0001/0Q: P<). به‌استثنای لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلیوم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس‌های دستگاه گوارش در روز 42 دوره پرورش با افزایش دز بیم الکترون کاهش یافت. افزایش خطی در ارتفاع پرزهای دودنوم، ژژنوم و ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد. افزایش خطی و کاهش خطی در نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در ژژنوم به‌ترتیب در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد (05/0P<). نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در دودنوم و ژژنوم به صورت خطی با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). مقدار خوراک مصرفی، مرگ‌و‌میر، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بین تیمارهای مختلف در دوره 1 تا 12 و 14 تا 28 تفاوتی نداشت. طی کل دوره پرورش و دوره 28 تا 42 افزایش وزن بدن به صورت افزایشی (001/0Q: P<) و ضریب تبدیل غذایی به صورت کاهشی (01/0Q: P<) با افزایش دز بیم ارتباط داشت. قابلیت هضم ایلیومی ماده خشک، ماده آلی، عصاره اتری، انرژی خام و انرژی قابل متابولیسم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). نتایج نشان داد که پرتوتابی جیره با بیم الکترون سبب کاهش بار کلی‌فرم‌ها و زیاد شدن باکتری‌های تولیدکننده اسید لاکتیک می‌شود. در ضمن قابلیت هضم ایلیومی، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل با پرتوتابی بیم الکترون بهبود می‌یابد.
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