Effect of Feed Additives on Intestinal Histomorphology of Broilers Fed Wheat-Based Diet
محورهای موضوعی : Camelو. خاکسار 1 , ا. گلیان 2 , ا. راجی 3
1 - Excellence Centre for Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Excellence Centre for Animal Science and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: Essential Oil, Probiotic, exogenous enzyme, intestinal histomorphology, Wheat,
چکیده مقاله :
A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of enzyme Endofeed W (EEW) at 0 and 0.05%, thyme essential oil (TEO), probiotic Primalac® (PP) and non-feed additive, on intestinal histomorphology of broilers fed wheat-based diet. Each of the 6 dietary treatments was replicated 4 times with 12 chicks each from 0 to 42 days of age. There was no interaction between enzyme and growth promoters on any measured parameters. Data showed that supplementation of wheat-based diet with EEW enhanced (P<0.05) intestinal histomorphology including jejunal villus height (VH), villus width (VW), villus surface area (VS), crypt depth (CD), mucosa layer thickness (MCL), muscular layer thickness (MSL) and number of goblet cells (GC) and ileal VH, MCL and GC at 21 and 42 days of age, as compared to broilers fed control diet. The TEO in diet did ameliorate (P<0.05) some jejunal and ileal morphological parameters, but it was less effective as compared to EEW or PP supplementation.The PP improved (P<0.05)the intestinal histomorphology in the present study in all measured parameters except the jejunal and ileal VH:CD.It was concluded that dietary EEW and growth promoters (TEO or PP) supplementation improved (P<0.05) gut health in broilers fed wheat-based diet, but the effect of probiotic Primalac® was more pronounced as compared to natural thyme essential oil.
به منظور بررسی تأثیر آنزیم اندوفید W، اسانس آویشن شیرازی و پروبیوتیک پریمالاک بر صفات بافتی روده جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم-سویا، آزمایشی انجام شد. این تحقیق به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل 3 × 2 شامل دو سطح آنزیم (0 و 05/0 درصد) و محرک‌های رشد (فاقد محرک رشد و یا دارای اسانس آویشن شیرازی و یا پروبیوتیک پریمالاک) صورت گرفت. هر یک از 6 تیمار آزمایشی دارای 4 تکرار و مجموعاً 48 جوجه در هر تیمار بود که در دوره‌های آغازین (10-1 روزگی)، رشد (24-11 روزگی) و پایانی (42-25 روزگی) تغذیه شدند. مکمل کردن جیره‌های گندم-سویا با آنزیم اندوفید W، صفات بافتی روده شامل ارتفاع پرز، عرض پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی، ضخامت لایه ماهیجه‌ای و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت در پرز ژژونوم و ارتفاع پرز، ضخامت لایه مخاطی، و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت در پرز در ایلئوم را در روزهای 21 و 42 بهبود داد (05/0P<). استفاده از پروبیوتیک پریمالاک در جیره، صفات بافتی روده شامل ارتفاع پرز، عرض پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت در پرز ژژونوم و ارتفاع پرز، عرض پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی، ضخامت لایه عضلانی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت پرز در ایلئوم را در روزهای 21 و 42 بهبود داد (05/0P<) که میزان این تغییرات در مقایسه با تغییرات ایجاد شده توسط اسانس آویشن شیرازی بسیار گسترده‌تر و بیشتر بود. به‌طور کلی استفاده از آنزیم اندوفید W و اسانس آویشن شیرازی و یا پروبیوتیک پریمالاک در جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم-سویا بر سلامت دستگاه گوارش مؤثر بود، اما میزان تأثیرگذاری پروبیوتیک در مقایسه با اسانس بیشتر بود.
Aptekmann K.P., Baraldi Arton S.M., Stefanini M.A. and Orsi M.A. (2001). Morphometric analysis of the intestine of domestic quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) treated with different levels of dietary calcium. Anatom. Histol. Embryol. 30, 277-280.
Aviagen W. (2007). Ross 308: Broiler Nutrition Specification. Aviagen Inc., Huntsville, AL.
Awad W.A., Bohm J., Razzazi-Fazeli E., Ghareeb K. and Zentek J. (2006). Effect of addition of a probiotic microorganism to broiler diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol on performance and histological alterations of intestinal villi of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 85, 974-979.
Awad W.A., Ghareeb K. and Böhm J. (2008). Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented with a synbiotic containing enterococcus faecium and oligosaccharides. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9, 2205-2216.
Bancroft J.D. and Gamble M.N. (2002). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Pp. 175- 181 in 5th Ed. Churchill Livingstone, London, Edinburgh, New York, Philadelphia, St Louis, Sydney and Toronto.
Basmacioglu H., Baysal S., Misirlioglu Z., Polat M., Yilmaz H. and Turan N. (2010). Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on wheat-soybean meal diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 51, 67-80.
Chichlowski M., Croom W.J., Edens F.W., McBride B.W., Qiu R., Chiang C.C., Daniel L.R.,Havenstein G.B. and Koci M.D. (2007). Microarchitecture and spatial relationship between bacteria and ileal, cecal and colonic epithelium in chicks fed a direct-fed microbial, Primalac®, and salinomycin. Poult. Sci. 86, 1121-1132.
Deplancke B. and Gaskins H.R. (2001). Microbial modulation of innate defence: goblet and the intestinal mucus layer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 1131-1141.
Fan Y., Croom J., Christensen V., Black B., Bird A., Daniel L., McBride B. and Eisen E. (1997). Jejunal glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in turkey poults selected for rapid growth. Poult. Sci. 76, 1738-1745.
Garcia V., Catala-Gregori P., Hernandez F., Megias M.D. and Madrid J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology and meat yield of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16, 555-562.
Gartner L.P. and Hiatt J.L. (2001). Color Textbook of Histology. 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders, Baltimore, MD.
Gunal M., Yayli G., Kaye O., Karahan N. and Sulak O. (2006). The effect of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 149-155.
Ikeda H., Yang C.L., Tong J., Nishimaki H., Masuda K., Takeo T., Kasai K. and Itoh G. (2002). Rat small intestinal goblet cell kinetics in the process of restitution of surface epithelium subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dig. Dis. Sci. 47, 590-600.
Isolauri E., Sutas Y., Kankaanpaa P., Arvilommi H. and Salminen S.(2001). Probiotics: effects on immunity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 444-450.
Jamroz D., Wertelecki T., Houszka M. and Kamel C. (2006).Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr.90,255-268.
Langhout D.J., Schutte J.B., Van Leeuwen P., Wiebenga J. and Tamminga S. (1999).Effect of dietary high and low methylated citrus pectin on the activity of the ileal microflora and morphology of the small intestinal wall of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 340-347.
Lawrence B.M. and Reynolds R.J. (1984). Progress in essential oils. Perfu. Flavor. 9, 23-31.
Markovicv R., Sefer D., Krsticv M. and Petrujkic B. ( 2009). Effect of different growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology. Arch. Med. Vet. 41, 163-169.
Montalto M., Maggiano N., Ricci R., Gasbarrini A. and Gasbarrini G. (2004).Lactobacillus acidophilus protects tight junctions from aspirin damage in HT-29 cells. Digestion. 69, 225-228.
Rahimi S., Grimes J.L., Fletcher O., Oviedo E. and Sheldon B.W. (2009).Effect of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac®) on structure and ultrastructure of small intestine in turkey poults. Poult. Sci. 88, 491-503.
Reisinger N., Steiner T., Nitsch S., Schatzmayr G. and Applegate T.J. (2011). Effects of a blend of essential oils on broiler performance and intestinal morphology during coccidial vaccine exposure. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 272-283.
Rolf R.E. (2000). The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. J. Nutr. 130, 396-402.
Sakamoto K., Hirose H., Onizuka A., Hayashi M., Futamura N., Kawamura Y. and Ezaki T. (2000). Quantitative study of changes in intestinal morphology and mucus gel on total parenteral nutrition in rats. J. Surgical. Res. 94, 99-106.
SAS Institute. (2000). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Sklan D. (2004). Early gut development. Pp. 9-32 in The Interaction between Feed, Gut Health and Hmmunity. Interfacing Immunity, Gut Health and Performance. L.A. Tucker and J.A. Taylor-Pickard Eds. Nottingham University Press. UK.
Tipu M.A., Akhtar M.S., Anjum M.I. and Raja M.L. (2006). New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Vet. J. 26,144-148.
Tucker L.A. and Taylor-Pickard J.A. (2004). Interfacing Immunity, Gut Health and Performance. 1st Ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, UK.
Wang Z.R., Qiao S.Y., Lu W.Q. and Li D.F. (2005). Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology and volatile fatty acid profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 84, 875-881.
