Effect of in ovo Feeding and Dietary Feeding of Silybum marianum Extract on Performance, Immunity and Blood Cation-Anion Balance of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Temperatures
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ا. زارعی
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
)
م. مروت
2
(
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
م. چمنی
3
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
ع.ا. صادقی
4
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
)
پ. دادور
5
(
Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
)
کلید واژه: antibody titer, incubation, cation-anion equation, elevated temperatures,
چکیده مقاله :
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) and dietary feeding of Silybum marianum (SM) extract on the immunity of chicken under heat stress conditions. A total of 360 fertile eggs from a commercial broiler breeder (Ross-308) farm was used for in ovo feeding of 0, 100 and 200 mg/L SM water extract at day 17.5 of incubation. After hatching, 240 chicks were transferred to the experimental cages. Two types of diet were used; one of them without extract and the other one containing 100 mg/kg of SM extract. Then chicks were exposed to elevated temperatures 4 ˚C above optimum from 7 to 28 days of age for 4 h daily and then they were kept at the optimum temperature. The chicks were divided into six treatments with four replicates as a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The results showed that chicks fed diet containing the extract had the highest feed intake, daily weight gain and final body weight and lowest feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). At 28 and 42 days, dietary feeding of the extract increased the relative weights of bursa (P<0.05), thymus and spleen (P<0.01) significantly. Results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in antibody titer against infectious bursal disease (IBD) by feeding extract. White blood cell counts was significantly higher (P<0.01), and heterophile/lymphocyte(Het/Lym) ratio was lower in dietary-feeding SMextract treatments (P<0.01). The dietary feeding of extract increased blood cationic charge (Na+ and K+) at 28 d and led to increase cation-anion equation (P<0.01). However at 42 d, effect of dietary feeding of extract on these parameters was not significant. The ash percentage was significantly higher in chicks fed 100 mg/kg of extract at 28 d (P<0.01). It seems that dietary feeding of the extract to broiler chickens considerably increased immunity response under elevated temperatures, but in ovo feeding of the extract had no much impact on immunity parameters.
این آزمایش جهت بررسی تأثیر تغذیه درون تخمی و تغذیه جیرهای عصاره خارمریم بر ایمنی و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون جوجههای گوشتی تحت درجه حرارتهای بالا انجام شد. تعداد 360 عدد تخم مرغ نطفهدار از نژاد مادر گوشتی برای تغذیه درون تخم مرغی در سطوح 0، 100 و 200 پی پی ام از عصاره آبی خارمریم در روز 5/17 جوجه کشی استفاده شدند. پس از هچ، 240 جوجه به قفسهای آزمایشی انتقال داده شدند. جیره آزمایشی شامل دو نوع; یک جیره بدون عصاره و دیگری حاوی 100 پی پی ام عصاره خارمریم بود. سپس جوجهها طی روزهای 7-28 پرورش برای 4 ساعت از روز تحت شرایط تنش گرمایی (4 درجه بالاتر از دمای بهینه) قرار گرفتند و پس از 28 روزگی در دمای بهینه نگهداری شدند. جوجهها به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار و در قالب یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 3 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی عصاره، مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و وزن نهایی بیشتر و ضریب تبدیل خوراک کمتری داشتند (01/0P≤). در سن 28 و 42 روزگی تغذیه جیرهای عصاره وزن نسبی بورس (05/0P≤)، تیموس و طحال (01/0P≤) را افزایش داد. این نتایج، افزایش عیار پادتن بر علیه گامبرو را به وسیله تغذیه جیرهای عصاره اثبات کردند (05/0P≤). همچنین در تیمارهای تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم تعداد گلبولهای سفید خون بالاتر (01/0P≤) و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت پایینتر بود (01/0P≤). تغذیه جیرهای عصاره منجر به افزایش بار کاتیونی خون (Na و K) جوجههای تغذیه شده با عصاره خارمریم در سن 28 روزگی شد و تعادل کاتیون-آنیون خون در این تیمارها افزایش یافت (01/0P≤). در 28 روزگی درصد خاکستر استخوان درشت نی جوجههای تغذیه شده با عصاره بالاتر از سایر گروهها بود (01/0P≤). به نظر میرسد که تغذیه جیرهای عصاره در جوجههای گوشتی به طور قابل توجهی سبب افزایش پاسخ ایمنی تحت درجه حرارتهای بالا شد اما تغذیه درون تخم مرغی عصاره اثر زیادی بر این فراسنجهها نداشت.
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