Molecular Characterization of Iraqi Local Goat Breeds Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
Y. Muhammad Salih Al-Barzinj
1
(
Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
)
ر. اسمات اوراماری
2
(
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
)
ر. عبد الغنی ال-سنجوری
3
(
Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
)
کلید واژه: genetic diversity, black and shami goats, Cashmere, Maraz,
چکیده مقاله :
Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. These primers generated a total of 154 bands ranged from 100 to 2800 bp. Out of the total bands detected only 50 bands were found to be polymorphic. Thirteen unique bands were found in Maraz goat, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer 7-MO2 locus. The overall Nei’s gene diversity (gene diversity/heterozygosity) averaged 0.40, while the Shannon diversity index value was 0.58 ranged from 0.45 to 0.69. Phylogenetic dendrograms showed that three clusters, the 1st cluster branch consisted of the black goat breed, the 2nd cluster includes Shami goat with both black and light brown Maraz goat. The 3rd cluster includes both white and dark brown Maraz goats. Maraz color types grouped in one cluster that contains white and dark brown types and the black with light brown types were included in another cluster. It was concluded that the Maraz goat breed was closer to Shami goat than to the black goat breed.
کشمیر تنها توسط نژاد بز مرخز (مرز یا کردی) در ناحیه کردستان عراق تولید میشود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی تیپهای رنگی مرخز، بز سیاه و نژادهای شامی با استفاده از نشانگرهای RAPD بود. 14 آغازگر استفاده شده و 9 نشانگر از بین آنها بر مبنای تعداد نوارها (NB) و خصوصیات چندشکلی انتخاب گردیدند. این نشانگرها 154 نوار در محدوده 100 تا 2800 جفت باز تولید کردند. در بین کل نوارها، تنها 50 نوار چند شکل تشخیص داده شدند. 13 نوار منحصر به فرد در بز مرخز شناسایی گردیده و بیشترین تعداد نوارهای منحصر به فرد نیز در آغازگر ژنگاه 7-MO2 به دست آمد. تنوع ژنی کُل نِی (تنوع ژنی تقسیم بر هتروزیگوسیتی) به طور متوسط 40/0 بود. ولی شاخص تنوع شانون برابر با 58/0 (بین 45/0 تا 69/0) بود. در درختان تبارنما سه خوشه مشاهده گردید. خوشه اول شامل نژاد بز سیاه و خوشه دوم شامل نژاد بز شامی با بز سیاه و بز مرخز قهوهای روشن بود. خوشه سوم نیز شامل بزهای مرخز سفید و قهوهای تیره گردید. تیپهای رنگی مرخز در یک خوشه که حاوی تیپهای سفید و قهوهای تیره بودند گروهبندی گردیده و تیپهای سیاه با قهوهای روشن در خوشه دیگری قرار گرفتند. این نتایج نشان میدهند که نژاد بز مرخز قرابت بیشتری با بز شامی در مقایسه با نژاد بز سیاه دارد.
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