Effects of Glutamine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Broilers with Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS)

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

M. Fathi ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)
T. Tanha ² (Department of Animal Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)
M. Daneshyar ³ (Department of Animal Science, Uremia University, Uremia, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/09/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/10/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/06/10

کلید واژه: ascites, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant enzymes, glutamine,

چکیده مقاله :

The present study examined the antioxidant defense of glutamine on plasma and liver antioxidant status in broilers under PHS with respect to changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and the activities of anti peroxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione dependent antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in the plasma and liver tissue. Sampling of blood and liver tissue were determined at d 21 and 42. At the end of the experiment, 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed; the right ventricle was dissected away from the left ventricle and septum, then the ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) calculated too. Average BW gain and average feed intake were measured weekly from d 15 and average feed conversion ratio was calculated and reported weekly. The results showed that glutamine supplementation improve average feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Moreover, in bird with PHS, supplementation of glutamine significantly (P<0.05) reduced the levels of MDA in plasma and liver tissue. A parallel increase glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activates in plasma and liver tissue. But SOD activity in plasma and liver tissue did not affected by glutamine supplementation. Also, glutamine significantly (P<0.05) reduced right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) and mortality.

چکیده انگلیسی:

مطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجه‌های گوشتی در گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. نمونه برداری از خون و بافت کبد در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن‌ها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین در پرندگان آسیتی، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار MDA در پلاسما و بافت کبد گشت. همچنین، گلوتامین، سبب افزایش هم زمان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در پلاسما و بافت کبد شد. فعالیت آنزیم SOD در پلاسما و کبد، به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر گلوتامین قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). علاوه بر این، مکمل‌سازی گلوتامین، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار تلفات آسیتی و RV / TV شد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Bartell S.M. and Batal A.B. (2007). The Effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract and humoral immune response of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86, 1940-1947.
Bottje W.G., Erf G.F., Bersi T.K., Wang S., Barnes D. and Beers K.W. (1997). Effect of dietary dl-α-tocopherol on tissue alpha- andγ-tocopherol and pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. Poult. Sci. 76, 1506-1512.
Bottje W.G. and Wideman R.F.Jr. (1995). Potential role of free radicals in the etiology of pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Poult. Avian Biol. Rev. 6, 211-231.
Bottje W.G., Enkvetchakul B., Moore R. and McNew R. (1995). Effect of α-tocopherol on antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. Poult. Sci. 74, 1356-1369.
Burke D.J., Alverdy J.C., Aoys E. and Moss G.S. (1989). Glutamine supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. Arch. Surg. 124, 1396-1399.
Darmaun D. (2000). Role of glutamine depletion in severe illness. Diabetes Nutr. Metab. 13, 25-30.
Dumaswala U.J., Rugg N. and Greenwalt T.J. (1994). Studies in red blood cell preservation: 9 the role of glutamine in red blood cell preservation. Vox. Sang. 67, 255-258.
Enkvetchakul B., Bottje W., Anthony N., Moore R. and Huff W. (1993). Compromised antioxidant status associated with ascites in broilers. Poult. Sci. 72, 2272-2280.
Fathi M., Tanha T., Nazer Adl K., Ebrahim Nezhad Y., Aghdam Shahryar H. and Daneshyar M. (2012). Plasma enzymes activities and antioxidant status characterization in pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broilers. African J. Agric. Res. 7(5), 1414-1419.
Fathi M., Tanha T., Nazer Adl K., Ebrahim Nezhad Y., Aghdam Shahryar H. and Daneshyar M. (2011). The role of oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10(20), 2724-2729.
Fox R.E., Hopkins I.B., Cabacungan E.T. and Tildon J.T. (1996). The role of glutamine and other alternate substrates as energy sources in the fetal lung type II cell. Pediatr. Res. 40, 135- 141.
Gonzales S., Polizio A.H., Erario M.A. and Tomaro M.L. (2005). Glutamine is highly effective in preventing in vivo cobaltinduced oxidative stress in rat liver. World. J. Gastroenterol. 11, 3533-3538,
Hong R.W., Rounds J.D., Helton W.S., Robinson M.K. and Wilmore D.W. (1992). Glutamine preserves liver glutathione after lethal hepatic injury. Ann. Surg. 215, 114-119.
Julian R.J. (1993). Ascites in poultry. Avian Pathol. 22, 419-454.
Karinch A.M., Pan M., Lin C.M., Strange R. and Souba W.W. (2001). Glutamine metabolism in sepsis and infection. J. Nutr. 131, 2535-2538.
Kovaccvic J.D. and Mc Givan J.D. (1983). Mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine and glutamate and its physiological significance. Physiol. Rev. 63, 547-605.
Lorenzoni A.G. and Ruiz-Feria C.A. (2006). Effects of vitamin E and L-arginine on cardiopulmonary function and ascites parameters in broiler chickens reared under subnormal temperatures. Poult. Sci. 85, 2241-2250.
Marı´a I.A.S. and Miguel A.M. (1999). Glutamine, as a precursor of glutathione and oxidative stress. Mol. Gen. Metabol. 67, 100-105.
Mates J.M., Gomez C.P., Castro G.N., Asenjo M. and Marquez J. (2002). Glutamine and its relationship with intracellular redox status, oxidative stress and cell proliferation / death. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 34, 439-558.
Matilla B., Ortiz J., Gonzalez P., Diez F.G., Jorquera F., Culebras J.M., Gallego J.G. and Tunon M.I. (2000). Effects of parenteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine or glutamine dipeptides on liver antioxidant and detoxification system in rats. Nutrition. 16, 125-128.
Maulik N., Engelman D.T., Watanabe M., Engelman R.M., Rousou J.A. and Flack J.E. (1996). Nitric oxide / carbon monoxide. A molecular switch for myocardial preservation during ischemia. Circulation. 94, 398-406.
Maxwell M.H., Robertson G.W. and Spence S. (1986). Studies on an ascitic syndrome in young broilers. 1. Hematology and pathology. Avian Pathol. 15, 511-524.
Murphy C. and Newsholme P. (1997). Glutamine as a possible precursor of L-arginine and thus nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25, 404-410.
Nain S.B., Ling B., Bandy J., Alcorn C., Wojnarowicz B., Laarveld B. and Olkowski A.A. (2008). The role of oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure in a chicken genotype selected for rapid growth. Avian Pathol. 37(4), 367-373.
Nirmala C. and Puvanakrishnan R. (1996). Protective role of curcumin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 159, 85-93.
Prem J.T., Eppinger M., Lemmon G., Miller S., Nolan D., Peoples J. and Ohio D. (1999). The role of glutamine in skeletal muscle ischemia / reperfusion injury in the rat hind limb model. Am. J. Surg. 178, 147-150.
Rennie M.J., Tadros L., Khogali S., Ahmed A. and Taylor P. (1994). Glutamine transport and its metabolic effects. J. Nutr. 124, 503-1508.
Roth E., Oehler R., Manhart N., Exner R., Wessner B., Strasser E. and Spittler A. (2002). Regulative potential of glutamine-relation to glutathione metabolism. Nutrition. 18, 217-221.
Rubbo H., Radi R., Trujillo M., Telleri R., Kalyanaraman B., Barnes S., Kirk M. and Freeman B.A. (1994). Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen containing oxidized lipid derivatives. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 26066-26075.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 6.12. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Subramaniam H.S.K. and Rangasamy A. (2007). Biochemical studies on the cardioprotective effect of glutamine on tissue antioxidant defense system in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 40, 49-55.
Wilndmueller H.G. and Spaeth A.E. (1974). Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5070-5079.
Wink D.A., Osawa Y., Darbyshire J.F., Jones C.R., Eshenaur S.C. and Nims R.W. (1993). Inhibition of cytochrome p450 by nitric oxide and a nitric oxide releasing agent. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 300, 115-123.
Yu B.P. (1994). Cellular defenses against damage from reactiveoxygen species. Physiol. Rev. 74, 97-107.