Milk Traits and Their Relationship with Udder Measurements in Awassi Ewes

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

K.Y. Merkhan ¹ (Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/05/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/08/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/06/10

کلید واژه: Awassi ewe, milk trait, udder measurement,

چکیده مقاله :

Characteristic of the udder, milk traits and their relationship were investigated in 32 Awassi ewes raised in a commercial flock. Commencing one month after lambing milk yield was recorded at monthly intervals until the ewes were dried. Also, the udder traits were measured, including udder width, udder circumference, udder length, distance between teats and length and diameter of both teats. Results revealed that sex of lambs and stage of lactation affected (P<0.05) test day milk yield. The age of dam had no effect on test day milk yield, but affected (P<0.05) left teat diameter and right teat length. Also, sex of lambs affected (P<0.05) right teat length. As the milk yield increased there was an increase in udder circumference and teat diameter (P<0.05). Milk yield positively correlated with all udder measurements except with udder length and right teat length. Also, positive and high correlation coefficients were observed between udder circumference and udder width (r=0.679), distance between teat (r=0.699) and left teat diameter (r=0.417) as well as between udder width and distance between teats (r=0.732). A positive relationship (P<0.01) among teat measurements (r=0.596-0.908) was observed. According to the results of principal component analysis, udder circumference and right teat length were the best predictors for milk yield in Awassi ewes.

چکیده انگلیسی:

خصویات پستان، صفات تولید شیر و ارتباط آنها در 32 میش آواسی که در یک گله تجاری پروش داده می‌شدند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تولید شیر ماهانه از یک ماه پس از زایش تا آغاز دوره خشکی ثبت گردید. همچنین صفات پستان شامل عرض پستان، محیط پستان، طول پستان، فاصله بین سرپستانک‌ها و طول و قطر هر کدام از سرپستانک‌ها نیز اندازه‌گیری گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که جنسیت بره‌ها و مرحله شیردهی بر تولید شیر روزآزمون میش‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد (05/0>P). سن میش تأثیری بر تولید شیر روز آزمون نداشته (05/0>P) ولی بر قطر سرپستانک چپ و طول سرپستانک راست تأثیر می‌گذارد. همچنین، جنسیت بره‌ها بر طول سرپستانک راست مؤثر است (05/0>P). همگام با افزایش تولید شیر، محیط پستان و قطر سرپستانک نیز افزایش می‌یابد (05/0>P). تولید شیر با همه سنجه‌های پستان به غیر از طول پستان و طول سرپستانک راست همبستگی مثبت دارد. همچنین همبستگی بین محیط پستان و عرض پستان (679/0=r)، فاصله بین سرپستانک‌ها (699/0=r) و قطر سرپستانک چپ (417/0=r) و همبستگی بین عرض پستان و فاصله بین سرپستانک‌ها (732/0=r)، مثبت و بالا بوده است. همبستگی بین سنجه‌های سرپستانک (596/0=r تا 908/0=r) نیز مثبت می‌باشد (01/0>P). برمبنای آنالیز مؤلفه‌های اصلی، محیط پستان و طول سرپستانک راست، بهترین پیش‌بینی کننده برای تولید شیر در میش‌های آواسی هستند.

منابع و مأخذ:

Alkass J.E., AL-Azzawi W.A.R. and AL-Tayy H.M. (2009). Milk production in Awassi sheep and their crosses with Assaf under accelerated lambing system. J. Zankoy Sulaimani. 12(1), 7-12.
Alkass J.E. and Juma K.H. (2005). Small ruminant breeds of Iraq. Pp. 63-101 in Characterization of Small Ruminant Breeds in West Asia and North Africa. L. Iniqueze, Ed. West Asia. International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas, Alepo, Syria.
Allah M.A., Abass S.F. and Allam F.M. (2011). Factors affecting the milk yield and composition of Rahmani and Chios sheep. Int. J. Livest. Prod. 2(3), 24-30.
Al-Samarrae S.H. (2009). Breed variation in milk production between Awasi and Karrdi sheep. J. Diala. 37, 23-28.
Altinckic S.O. and Koyuncu M. (2011). Relationship between udder measurements and the linear scores for udder morphology traits in Kıvırcık, Tahirova and Karacabey Merino ewes. Kafkas Univ.Vet. Fak. Derg. 17(1), 71-76.
Elsayed E.H., El-Shafie M.H., Saifeluasr E.O.H. and Abu El-Ella A.A. (2009). Histological and histochemical study on mammary gland of Damascus goats through stage of lactation. Small Rumin. Res. 85, 11-17.
Fernandez G., Alvarez P., San Primitivo F. and de la Fuente L.F. (1995). Factors affecting variation of udder traits of dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 842-849.
Gelasakis A.I., Arsenos G., Valergakis G.E., Oikonomou G., Kiossis E. and Fthenakis G.C. (2012). Study of factors affecting udder traits and assessment of their interrelationships with milking efficiency in Chios breed ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 103, 232-239.
Gootwine E., Allef B. and Gadeesh S. (1980). Udder conformation and its heritability in the Assaf cross of dairy sheep in Israel. Ann. Genet. Sel. Anim. 12, 9-15.
Hamdon H.A.M. (2005). Productive and reproductive traits of Chios and Farafra sheep under subtropical Egyptian conditions. Ph D. Thesis. Assiut Univ., Egypt.
Hassan H.A. (1995). Effects of crossing and environmental factors on production and some constituents of milk in Ossimi and Saidi sheep and their crosses with Chios. Small Rumin. Res. 18, 165-172.
ICAR. (2007). International Committee for Animal Recording. Guidelines.aAvailableaat: http://www.waap.it/sheep_enquiry/documents/sheep_enquiry_example. Accessed Jun. 2008.
Iniguez L., Hilali M., Thomas D.L. and Jesry G. (2009). Udder measurements and milk production in two Awassi sheep genotypes and their crosses. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 4613-4620.
Izadifard J. and Zamiri M.J. (1997). Lactation performance of two Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 24, 69-76.
James I.J., Osinowo O.A. and Adegbasa O.I. (2009). Evaluation of udder traits of west African Dwarf (WAD) goats and sheep in Ogun state, Nigeria. J. Agric. Sci. Environ. 9(1), 75-87.
Kominakis A.P., Papavasiliou D. and Rogdakisa E.(2009). Relationships among udder characteristics, milk yield and, non-yield traits in Frizarta dairy sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 84, 82-88.
Legarra A. and Ugarte E. (2005). Genetic parameters of udder traits, somatic cell score and milk yield in Latxa sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2238-2245.
Martinez M.E., Calderon C., Barra R., Fuente L.F. and Gonzalo C. (2011). Udder morphological traits and milk yield of Chilota and Suffolk Down sheep breeds. Chilean J. Agric. Res. 71(1), 90-95.
Mavrogenis A.P., Papachristoforou C. and Lysandrides P. (1988). Environmental and genetic factors affecting udder characters and milk production in Chios sheep. Genet. Sel. Evol. 20(4), 477-488.
Mavrogenis A.P., Papachristoforou C., Lysandrides P. and Roushias A. (1989). Environmental and genetic effects of udder characteristics and milk production in Damascus goats. Small Rumin. Res. 2(4), 333-343.
Morsy A.H.A. (2002). Evaluation of prolific and non-prolific breeds of sheep under the environmental condition of middle Egypt. Ph D. Thesis. El-Minia Univ., Egypt.
Mousa M.T. (1991). Effect of crossing Ossimi, Awassi and Chios sheep on some productive traits. Ph D. Thesis. Assiut Univ., Egypt.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 6.12. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.