Effects of Chitosan and Whole Raw Soybeans on Feeding Behavior and Heat Losses of Jersey Heifers

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

اچ.م.سی. هراکی ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
ج.ر. گاندرا ² (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
ای.ر. اُلیویرا ³ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
سی.اس. تاکیا ⁴ (Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, USA)
ر.اچ.ت.ب. گواِس ⁵ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
آ.م.آ. گابریل ⁶ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
جی.سی.جی. رُدرگیوس ⁷ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
ای.ر.اس. گاندرا ⁸ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
ت.ل. پریرا ⁹ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
جِی. دامیانی ¹⁰ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)
جِی.د.اُ. باتیستا ¹¹ (Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/07/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/10

کلید واژه: Chitin, heat production, infrared imaging, oilseed, Thermography,

چکیده مقاله :

This study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and heat losses through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6±0.5 months and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight, mean±SD) were randomly assigned to a replicated latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 6 days of sampling and 5 days of wash out. The diets were: control (CO), chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan), whole raw soybeans (WS, 163.0 g/kg of WS on diet DM basis), and chitosan + whole raw soybeans (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (0.79 and 0.31 kg/d, respectively), increased the eating time (31.88 min) and decreased the NDF content of regurgitate rumen bolus (57 g). Whole raw soybeans did not affect feeding behavior, except for a higher time in standing rest. The association of CHI and WS increased the time which animal ruminated stand. The diets did not influence superficial temperature of heifers. However, WS diet increased heat losses by radiation and convection. The highest values of heat losses were observed after 2 hours of feeding. The interaction of CHI and WS did not alter feeding behavior and heat losses. Feeding WS to heifers increased the total heat losses.

چکیده انگلیسی:

این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثرات کیتوسان، سویای کامل خام یا اثر متقابل آنها روی رفتار تغذیه­ای و اتلاف حرارتی از طریق آزمایش ترموگرافی تلیسه­های جرزی تغذیه شده با جیره­های حاوی کنسانتره بالا می­باشد. 12 تلیسه جرزی (سن 5/0±6 ماه و وزن زنده 56/25±50/139 کیلوگرم) به صورت تصادفی به طرح مربع لاتین تکرار شده با آرایش تیمار فاکتوریل 2 × 2 تخصیص داده شدند. دوره آزمایشی شامل 14 روز آداپتاسیون تا دریافت جیره، 6 روز نمونه­گیری و 5 روز شستشو بوده است. جیره­ها عبارت بودند از: شاهد (CO)، کیتوسان (CHI، شامل 20 گرم در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک کیتوسان)، سویای کامل خام (WS، 0/163 گرم در هر کیلوگرم WS روی ماده خشک جیره) و کیتوسان + سویای کامل خام (CHI+WS). کیتوسان سبب کاهش مصرف DM و الیاف محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) (به ترتیب 79/0 و 31/0 گرم در هر روز)، افزایش زمان خوردن (88/31 دقیقه) و کاهش محتوای NDF در گلوله­های برگشت کرده به دهان برای نشخوار (57 گرم) می­شود. سویای کامل خام، به غیر از نیاز به زمان بیشتر برای استراحت سرپایی، بر رفتار تغذیه­ای تأثیری ندارد. ارتباط CHI و WS سبب افزایش زمانی که حیوان برای نشخوار سرپا می­ایستد، گردید. جیره­ها تأثیری بر دمای سطح بدن تلیسه­ها نداشتند. با این حال، جیره WS اتلاف حرارتی را با تابش و انتقال حرارت افزایش می­دادند. بالاترین مقدار اتلاف حرارتی 2 ساعت بعد از خوراکدهی مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل CHI و WS رفتار تغذیه­ای و اتلاف حرارتی را تغییر نداد. خوراندن WS به تلیسه­ها سبب افزایش اتلاف حرارتی کُل گردید.

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