Effects of Chitosan and Whole Raw Soybeans on Feeding Behavior and Heat Losses of Jersey Heifers
محورهای موضوعی : Camelاچ.م.سی. هراکی 1 , ج.ر. گاندرا 2 , ای.ر. اُلیویرا 3 , سی.اس. تاکیا 4 , ر.اچ.ت.ب. گواِس 5 , آ.م.آ. گابریل 6 , جی.سی.جی. رُدرگیوس 7 , ای.ر.اس. گاندرا 8 , ت.ل. پریرا 9 , جِی. دامیانی 10 , جِی.د.اُ. باتیستا 11
1 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
2 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
3 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
4 - Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, USA
5 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
6 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
7 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
8 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
9 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
10 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
11 - Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Dourados, MS, Brazil
کلید واژه: Chitin, heat production, infrared imaging, oilseed, Thermography,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to determine the effects of chitosan, whole raw soybeans or their interaction on feeding behavior and heat losses through thermography assay of Jersey heifers fed high concentrate diets. Twelve Jersey heifers (age of 6±0.5 months and 139.50±25.56 kg of live weight, mean±SD) were randomly assigned to a replicated latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The experimental period consisted of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 6 days of sampling and 5 days of wash out. The diets were: control (CO), chitosan (CHI, inclusion of 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) of chitosan), whole raw soybeans (WS, 163.0 g/kg of WS on diet DM basis), and chitosan + whole raw soybeans (CHI+WS). Chitosan decreased DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (0.79 and 0.31 kg/d, respectively), increased the eating time (31.88 min) and decreased the NDF content of regurgitate rumen bolus (57 g). Whole raw soybeans did not affect feeding behavior, except for a higher time in standing rest. The association of CHI and WS increased the time which animal ruminated stand. The diets did not influence superficial temperature of heifers. However, WS diet increased heat losses by radiation and convection. The highest values of heat losses were observed after 2 hours of feeding. The interaction of CHI and WS did not alter feeding behavior and heat losses. Feeding WS to heifers increased the total heat losses.
این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثرات کیتوسان، سویای کامل خام یا اثر متقابل آنها روی رفتار تغذیهای و اتلاف حرارتی از طریق آزمایش ترموگرافی تلیسههای جرزی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی کنسانتره بالا میباشد. 12 تلیسه جرزی (سن 5/0±6 ماه و وزن زنده 56/25±50/139 کیلوگرم) به صورت تصادفی به طرح مربع لاتین تکرار شده با آرایش تیمار فاکتوریل 2 × 2 تخصیص داده شدند. دوره آزمایشی شامل 14 روز آداپتاسیون تا دریافت جیره، 6 روز نمونهگیری و 5 روز شستشو بوده است. جیرهها عبارت بودند از: شاهد (CO)، کیتوسان (CHI، شامل 20 گرم در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک کیتوسان)، سویای کامل خام (WS، 0/163 گرم در هر کیلوگرم WS روی ماده خشک جیره) و کیتوسان + سویای کامل خام (CHI+WS). کیتوسان سبب کاهش مصرف DM و الیاف محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) (به ترتیب 79/0 و 31/0 گرم در هر روز)، افزایش زمان خوردن (88/31 دقیقه) و کاهش محتوای NDF در گلولههای برگشت کرده به دهان برای نشخوار (57 گرم) میشود. سویای کامل خام، به غیر از نیاز به زمان بیشتر برای استراحت سرپایی، بر رفتار تغذیهای تأثیری ندارد. ارتباط CHI و WS سبب افزایش زمانی که حیوان برای نشخوار سرپا میایستد، گردید. جیرهها تأثیری بر دمای سطح بدن تلیسهها نداشتند. با این حال، جیره WS اتلاف حرارتی را با تابش و انتقال حرارت افزایش میدادند. بالاترین مقدار اتلاف حرارتی 2 ساعت بعد از خوراکدهی مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل CHI و WS رفتار تغذیهای و اتلاف حرارتی را تغییر نداد. خوراندن WS به تلیسهها سبب افزایش اتلاف حرارتی کُل گردید.
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