Effect of Different Levels of Essential Oils of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) on Growth Performance Carcass Characteristics and Immune System in Broiler Chicks

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ر. حبیبی ¹ ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran )
ق. جلیلوند ² ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran )
ش. صمدی ³ ( Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabrbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran )
آ. عزیزپور ⁴ ( Department of Plant Science, Meshginshahr Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran )

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/03/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/08/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/12

کلید واژه: Performance, Broiler, immune system, Essential Oil,

چکیده مقاله :

This experiment had been done to evaluate the effects of different levels of essential oils (EOs) of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum)on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune system in broiler chicks. Three hundred ninety two Ross 308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design were divided into 7 experimental treatments. The experimental treatments were included a corn-soybean based diet as control and groups of containing 100, 200 and 300 ppm of wormwood and cumin EOs. Results showed that cumin and wormwood EOs supplementation to the diets had no significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics (P>0.05) of broiler chicks. EOs infusions significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of immune organ such as bursa of fabricius, However there was not significant difference between treatments in the relative weight of spleen (P>0.05). Antibody titre against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), after 7 days injection, significantly increased by addition 200 ppm wormwood EOs and 200 and 300 ppm cumin EOs (P<0.05). In 14 days after SRBC injection, except treatment containing 100 ppm, all supplemented groups increased antibody titre compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that inclusion wormwood and cumin EOs to the diets, tended to increase growth performance and improve immune system of broiler chickens.

چکیده انگلیسی:

این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف اسانس­های افسنطین (Artemisia absinthium) و زیره (Cuminumcyminum) بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گردید. 392 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به 7 گروه آزمایشی تقسیم گردیدند. گروه‪های آزمایشی شامل جیره ذرت-سویا به عنوان شاهد، و گروه­های حاوی 100، 200 و 300 میلی‪گرم در کیلوگرم اسانس­های افسنطین و زیره. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل کردن جیره با اسانس­های افسنطین و زیره اثر معنی­داری بر عملکرد رشد و خصوصیات لاشه نداشت (05/0P>). گنجاندن اسانس­ها وزن نسبی اندام­های ایمنی از قبیل بورس فابریسیوس را به طور معنی­داری افزایش داده بود (05/0P<)، اگرچه بین گروه­های آزمایشی تفاوت معنی­داری از لحاظ وزن نسبی طحال وجود نداشت (05/0P>). تیتر آنتی‪بادی 7 روز پس از تزریق SRBC به طور معنی‪داری (05/0P<) توسط افزودن 200 میلی‪گرم بر کیلوگرم اسانس افسنطین و 200 و 300 میلی‪گرم بر کیلوگرم اسانس زیره افزایش یافته بود. در 14 روز پس از تزریق SRBC، به استثنای تیمار حاوی 100 میلی‪گرم بر کیلوگرم اسانس افسنطین، همه تیمارها، تیتر آنتی‪بادی را نسبت به گروه شاهد به طور معنی‪داری افزایش داده بودند (05/0P<). نتایج این آزمایش پیشنهاد می­کند که گنجاندن اسانس­های افسنطین و زیره به جیره، باعث شده که عملکرد رشد تمایل به افزایش داشته و سیستم ایمنی جوجه‪های گوشتی بهبود ­یابد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Aami-Azghadi M., Golian A., Kermanshahi H. and sedghi M. (2010). Comparison of dietary supplementation with cumin essential oil and prebiotic fermacto on humoral immune response, blood metabolites and performance of broiler chickens. Glob. Vet. 4(4), 380-387.

Adams R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publishing, Carol Stream, IL. USA.

Alçiçek A., Bozkurt M. and Çabuk M. (2004). The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils, an organic acid or a probiotic on broiler performance. South African J. Anim. Sci. 34, 217-222.

Bampidis V.A., Christodoulou V., Florou-Paneri P., Christaki E., Chatzopoulou P.S., Tsiligianni T. and Spais A.B. (2005). Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum cholesterol of female early maturing turkeys. Br. Poult. Sci. 46, 595-601.

Brenes A. and Roura E. (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: main effects and modes of action. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 158, 1-14.

Clark J.D. (1996). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Committee to Revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences. National Research Council. DHHS Pulication, NationalAcademy Press, Washington, DC., USA.

Cross D.E., Mcdevitt R.M., Hillman K. and Acamovic T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated EOs on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Br. Poult. Sci. 48, 496-506.

Griggs J.P. and Jacob J.P. (2005). Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14, 750-756.

Habibi R., Sadeghi G.H. and Karimi A. (2014). Effect of different concentrations of ginger root powder and its essential oil on growth performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler chicks under heat stress. Br. Poult. Sci. 55(2), 228-237.

Hernandez F., Madrid J., Garcia V., Orengo J. and Megias M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility and digestive organ size. Poult. Sci. 83, 169-174.

Khaligh F., Sadeghi G., Karimi A. and Vaziry A. (2011). Evaluation of different medicinal plants blends in diets for broiler chickens. J. Med. Plants. Res. 5, 1971-1977.

Kong X.F., Hu Y.L., Yin Y.L., Wu G.Y., Rui R., Wang D.Y. and Yang C.B. (2006). Chinese herbal ingredients are effective immune stimulators for chickens infected with the Newcastle disease virus. Poult. Sci. 85(12), 2169-2175.

Lee K.W., Everts H., Kappert H.J., Yeom K.H. and Beynen A.C. (2003). Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12, 394-399.

Manach F., Regerat F. and Texier O. (1996). Bioavailability, metabolism and physiological impact of 4-oxo-flavonoids. Nutr. Res. 16, 517-44.

NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9^th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.

Ocak N., Erener G., Burak A.k.F., Sungu M., Altop A. and Ozmen A. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris) leaves as growth promoter source. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 53, 169-175.

PhillipsI., Casewell M., Cox T., Groot B.D., Friis C., Jones R., Nightingale C., Preston R. and Waddell J. (2004). Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53, 28-52.

Platel K. (2000). Stimulatory influence of select spices on bile secretion in rats. Nutr. Res. 20, 1493-1503.

Platel K. and Srinivasan K. (1996). Influence of dietary spices or their active principles on digestive enzymes of small intestinal mucosa in rats. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 47, 55-59.

Rezaeinodehi A. and Khangholi S. (2008). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium growing wild in Iran. Pakistan J. Bio. Sci. 11(6), 946-949.

Sadeghi G.H., Karimi A., Padidar Jahromi S.H., Azizi T. and Daneshmand A. (2012). Effects of cinnamon, thyme and turmeric infusions on the performance and immune response in of 1-to 21-day-old male broilers. Br. J. Poult. Sci. 14(1), 15-20.

Sarıçoban C. and Yilmaz M.T. (2014). Effect of thyme/cumin essential oils and butylated hydroxyl anisole/butylated hydroxyl toluene on physicochemical properties and oxidative/microbial stability of chicken patties. Poult. Sci. 93(2), 456-463.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Tiihonen K., Kettunen H., Bento M.H.L., Saarinen M., Lahtinen S., Ouwehand A.C., Schulze H. and Rautonen N. (2010). The effect of feeding essential oils on broiler performance and gut microbiota. Br. Poult. Sci. 51(3), 381-392.

Tipu M.A., Akhtar M.S., Anjum M.I. and Raja M.L. (2006). New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Vet. J. 26, 144-148.

Yamuna K. and Thangavel A. (2011). Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on immune status in broiler chickens. Tamil Nadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 7(6), 303-306.