Sequence Variations of Mitochondrial DNA Displacement-Loop in Iranian Indigenous Sheep Breeds
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
پ. رافیا
1
(Department of Animal Science, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Iran)
ا. ترنگ
2
(Gilan Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran/Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Rasht, Iran)
کلید واژه: genetic diversity, Iranian sheep, mitochondrial DNA,
چکیده مقاله :
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used extensively to study population genetics because it has the unique features of maternal inheritance, a relatively fast rate of evolution and lack of recombination. A total of 82 unrelated sheep from 10 Iranian indigenous sheep breeds were investigated to determinate the maternal genetic diversity using a sequence of a 685 bp segment of the displacement loop (D-loop) of mtDNA. Analysis of this region revealed 74 haplotypes and 123 polymorphic sites. Haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average number of nucleotide differences were estimated to be 0.996 ± 0.003, 0.0372 ± 0.0001 and 25.23, respectively. The sequence analysis also revealed high level of genetic diversity among the native Iranian breeds. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 3.43 percent of the variation is found among populations compared with 96.57 percent variation found within populations. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree indicated four (A, B, C and E) of the five haplogroups described so far are present in Iranian sheep breeds. The phylogenetic tree did not show any distinct genetic structure among the studied populations, which suggested that there existed strong gene flow and intermixing among sheep populations probably caused by extensive transportation of sheep in history and similar maternal lineages among the regions.
DNA میتوکندریایی به دلیل دارا بودن خصوصیات منحصر به فردی همچون توارث مادری، نرخ تکاملی نسبتاً سریع و عدم داشتن نوترکیبی یک ابزار مفید برای مطالعه ژنتیک جمعیت می ­باشد. 82 حیوان غیرخویشاوند از 10 نژاد گوسفند بومی ایران برای تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی مادری با استفاده از یک قطعه 685 جفت بازی در ناحیه D-Loop از DNA میتوکندریایی، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. از آنالیز این ناحیه درمجموع 72 هاپلوتایپ و 123 موتاسیون تشخیص داده شد. تنوع هاپلوئیدی، تنوع نوکلئوتیدی و میانگین تعداد تفاوت­های نوکلئوتیدی به ترتیب 003/0 ± 996/0، 0001/0 ± 037/0 و 23/25 برآورد شد. آنالیز توالی، سطح بالایی از تنوع ژنتیکی را در میان نژادهای گوسفند بومی نشان داد. تجزیه واریانس مولکولی نشان داد که 43/3 درصد از تنوع به بین جمعیت­ها و 57/96 درصد تنوع به درون جمعیت­ها مربوط می­شود. درخت نزدیکترین همجواری (NJ)، 4 هاپلوتایپ (A، B، C و E) از 5 نوع هاپلوتایپ توصیف شده در گوسفند را نشان داد. درخت فیلوژنتیکی هیچگونه ساختار ژنتیکی متمایزی را در میان جمعیت­های مورد مطالعه نشان نداد، که می­تواند به علت وجود جریان ژنی بالا و آمیختگی بین جمعیت­های گوسفند باشد که احتمالاً به واسطه نقل و انتقال وسیع گوسفند در طول تاریخ و وجود شجرههای مادری مشابه در میان نواحی مختلف باشد.
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