Dietary Garlic Powder Supplementation Could Ameliorate Unfavorable Effects of Choline Deficiency on the Liver Health and Immune System of Broiler Chickens
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ب. نویدشاد
1
(Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran)
ز. مقصودی
2
(Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran)
س. نیک‌بین
3
(Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran)
ع. کلانتری حصاری
4
(Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
کلید واژه: performance, immune system, broilers, choline, garlic powder,
چکیده مقاله :
Effects of different levels of choline and garlic powder on performance, liver health and immune response in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study. A factorial experiment with 2 dietary choline levels (the recommended level in Ross 308 broiler guidelines and 25 % less than the recommendation) and 3 dietary garlic powder levels (0, 5 or 10 g/kg diet) was conducted using Ross 308 broiler chickens. Four hundred eighty 1-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 6 dietary treatments, each containing 4 replicate pens, with 20 birds each. During the finisher phase (d 25 to 42), dietary supplementation with 5 and 10 g/kg of garlic powder increased feed intake. At finisher phase and the whole experimental period, dietary supplementation with 10 g/kg of garlic powder improved the daily weight gain. During the finisher phase and the whole experimental period, the daily weight gain of birds fed low choline diets was less than that of birds fed recommended choline level. During the finisher phase and the whole experimental period, dietary choline deficiency increased feed conversion ratio. Choline deficiency decreased serum IgM level, and IgM concentration was higher in chicks fed diet with 5 g/kg garlic powder. However, dietary garlic powder at 10 g/kg level increased the total white blood cells and reduced the heterophyles numbers. Diets deficient in choline and also 10 g/kg dietary garlic powder increased the liver fat deposits. The liver Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme levels in the serum of chicks fed the choline-deficient diets were higher compared to birds fed the diets with recommended choline level. Consumption of garlic powder at 10 g/kg level, lowered serum CPK enzyme levels compared with the diets containing zero or 5 g/kg garlic powder. Choline deficiency and also dietary garlic regardless of its dosage were reduced the levels of serum triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). However, serum HDL were decreased in chickens fed 5 g/kg garlic powder compared with those fed garlic free diets. The findings of this study suggest that the effect of garlic powder in addressing the adverse effects caused by deficiency of choline are not through lipid metabolism improvement and more likely are due to the beneficial effects of garlic on increased feed intake , which increased choline intake and improved immune system function.
اثرات سطوح مختلف کولین و پودر سیر بر بازدهی، سلامت کبد و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی در مطالعه حاضر بررسی گردید. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با 2 سطح کولین در جیره (سطح توصیه شده در راهنمای جوجه گوشتی راس 308 و 25 درصد کمتر از سطح توصیه شده) و 3 سطح پودر سیر در جیره (0، 5 یا 10 گرم در کیلوگرم جیره) با استفاده از جوجه­های گوشتی راس 308 انجام شد. چهارصد و هشتاد قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تیماری تقسیم شدند شامل 4 تکرار قفس و 20 پرنده در هر قفس. طی دوره پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی)، مکمل­سازی جیره با 5 و 10 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیر، مصرف خوراک را افزایش داد. در دوره پایانی و کل دوره آزمایش، مکمل­سازی جیره با 10 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیرافزایش وزن روزانه را بهبود بخشید. طی دوره پایانی و کل دوره آزمایش، افزایش وزن روزانه پرنده­های تغذیه شده با جیره با سطح کولین پایین، کمتر از پرنده­های تغذیه شده با سطح توصیه شده بود. طی دوره پایانی کل دوره آزمایش، کمبود کولین جیره، ضریب تبدیل غذایی را افزایش داد. کمبود کولین باعث کاهش سطح IgM سرم شد و سطح IgM در جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 5 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیر بالاتر بود. همچنین، پودر سیر در سطح 10 گرم در کیلوگرم جیره، کل سلول­های سفید خون را افزایش و تعداد هتروفیل­ها را کاهش داد. جیره­های با کمبود کولین و 10 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیر در جیره ذخایر چربی کبد را افزایش داد. سطوح آنزیم کراتین فسفاتاز (CPK) در سرم جوجه­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های با کمبود کولین بالاتر از پرنده­های تغذیه شده با سطح توصیه شده کولین بود. مصرف پودر سیر در سطح 10 گرم در کیلوگرم، سطوح آنزیم CPK را در مقایسه با جیره­های حاوی سطح 0 یا 5 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیر، کاهش داد. کمبود کولین و همچنین مصرف پودر سیر در جیره صرف نظر از دز مصرفی، سطوح تری­گلیسرید و VLDL سرم را کاهش داد. با این وجود، سطح HDL سرم در جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 5 گرم در کیلوگرم پودر سیر در مقایسه با پرنده­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های بدون پودر سیر کاهش یافت. یافته­های این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­نماید که اثر پودر سیر در تخفیف اثرات نامطلوب ناشی از کمبود کولین به واسطه بهبود متابولیسم لیپید نبوده و به احتمال بیشتر ناشی از اثرات سودمند سیر در افزایش مصرف خوراک است که باعث افزایش کولین مصرفی و بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی ­می­شود.
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