Indigenous Sheep Production in Ethiopia: A Review
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2 - Addis AbabaUniversity, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
کلید واژه: production systems, Ethiopia, indigenous sheep,
چکیده مقاله :
Research results and facts of indigenous sheep production were reviewed with the aim of delivering relevant information for the beneficiaries. The common production system used in Ethiopia was the extensive type, which was characterized by small flock sizes and the flock being periodically devastated by diseases. Some indigenous sheep groups of the country were characterized and their names were designated from their commonest niche areas. There are large variations in phenotypic characteristics of indigenous sheep in the country. Social cultures and beliefs of most of the community have been highly attached and attracted by these morphological variations of indigenous sheep in Ethiopia. Consequently, those sheep endowed with attractive coat-colors have always exceeded market values of their counterparts. There is also a genetic variation between and within sheep populations of the country. Moreover, there is also a generation response for selection. Although indigenous sheep producers have many opportunities, they have also many constraints that affect productivity. It can be concluded that breeding and improved production programs for the local sheep should incorporate the production objectives and trait preferences of the society. Presence of diversified phenotypic appearances of local sheep shows the genetic potential for improvement. Hence, this huge gene pool should be used for improvement through good management and traditional selection together with genomic technology.
Abassa K.P. (1995). Reproductive losses in small ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. ILCA Working Document.IDRC, Ottawa Canada: Accessed 1 Nov. 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. http://www.ilri.org
Abebe Y. (2010). Assessment of small ruminant production systems and on-farm evaluation of urea treated wheat straw and concentrate feeding on sheep body weight change in Burie Woreda, West Gojjam. MS. Thesis. Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
Alemayehu M. (2004). Country pastures/ forage resource profile, Ethiopia.AAccessedA26ASept.A2011. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/counprof/ethiopia/ethiopia.htm.
Alexandre G., Coppry O., Bocage, Fleury J. and Archimède H. (2008).Effect of live weight at slaughter on the carcass characteristics of intensively fattened Martinik sheep fed sugar cane supplemented with pea flour.Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 20.Accessed 6 June. 2011. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/8/alex20119.htm.
Ayele S., Assegid W., Jabbar M.A., Ahmed M.M. and Belachew H. (2003). Livestock marketing in Ethiopia: A review of structure, performance and development initiatives. Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper 52. ILRI (Int. Livest. Res. Inst.), Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/11/bela21189.htm.
Berhanu B. and Aynalem H. ( 2009a).Reproductive performance of traditionally managed sheep in the south western part of Ethiopia. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 21. Accessed 19 Sept. 2011.http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/9/bela21154.htm.
Berhe G. (2010).Animal and Plant Health. Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ethiopia. Presented on: Dialogue on Livestock, Food security and Sustainability A side event on the occasion of the 22nd Session of COAG, FAO, Romeon 16 June, 2010.
CSA (Ethiopian Central Statistics Agency). (2007). Livestock Sample Survey 2006-2007 (1997 Ethiopian Calendar) (AgLVS2006), Version 1.1, December, 2007. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Demelash B., Yilma J. and Hassen C. (2006). Ovine helminthosis, a major health constraint to productivity of sheep in Ethiopia. Anim. health Res. Rev. 7(1-2), 107-118.
Dibissa N. (2000). Sheep production on smallholder farmers in the Ethiopian highlands-a farming system approach. Ph D. dissertation. Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
EARO (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization). (2000). National Small Ruminants Research Strategy Document. EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EPA (Ethiopian Privatization Agency).2002. Accessed 25 Sept 2011. http://www.telecom.net.et/~epa/Sectors/leather.html.
Ehui S. (1999).A review of the contribution of livestock to food security, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. Pp. 1-13 in Proc. 7th annual conf., Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
EPA (Ethiopian Privatization Agency). (2002). Investment and innovation policy review of Ethiopia. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 138 p. United Nations New York and Geneva, 2002. Accessed 22 October 2011. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/poiteipcm4.en.pdf.
ESGPIP (EthiopiaSheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program). (2011). Technical Bulletin No.44. Marketing your sheep and goat.15P. Accessed 2 Nov. 2011. http://www.esgpip.org/PDF/Technical_Bulletin_44.pdf.
FAO. (2009). FAO.STAT Data. Accessed 25 October 2011). http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0680e/i0680e.pdf.
FAO. (1991). Indigenous African small ruminants: a case for characterization and improvement. Small ruminant production and the small ruminant genetic resource in tropical Africa. Animal Production and Health Paper. Rome.
Gede S., Budisatria Henk M.J., Udo Akke J., Vander Z., Endang B. and Tridjoko W.M. (2005) . Religious festivities and marketing of small ruminants in central Java-Indonesia. Asian J. Agric. 5(2), 58-74.
Getachew T., Gizaw S., Lemma S. and Taye M. (2011). Breeding practices, growth, and carcass potential of fat-tailed Washera sheep breed in Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43(7), 1443-1448.
Getachew T., Haile A., Tibbo M., Sharma A.K., Sölkner J. and Wurzinger M. (2010). Herd management and breeding practices of sheep owners in a mixed crop-livestock and a pastoral system of Ethiopia. Afr. J. Agric. Res.5, 685-691.
Gizaw S., Komen H., Hanotte O. and Van Arendonk J.A.M. (2008).Indigenous sheep resources of Ethiopia: types, production systems and farmers preferences. Anim. Genet. Res. Inf. 43, 25-39.
Gizaw S., Van Arendonk J.A.M., Komen H., Windig J.J. and Hanotte O. (2007). Population structure, genetic variation and morphological diversity in indigenous sheep of Ethiopia. Anim. Genet. 38, 621-628.
Gojjam Y., Abegaz S. and Duguma G. (1998). Late pregnancy ewe feeding and its effect on lamb growth and survival to weaning and body weight changes of ewes in Horro sheep. Pp. 110-116 in5th Proc. National Conf., Ethiopia Soc. Anim. Prod. (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Hassen Y., Sölkner J. and Fuerst-Waltl B. (2004). Body weight of Awassi and indigenous Ethiopian sheep and their crosses. Small Rumin. Res. 55, 51-56.
IBC (Instituteof BiodiversityConservation). (2004). The state of Ethiopia's farm animal genetic resources. Country Report. A contribution to the first report on the state of the world's animal genetic resources. IBC., May 2004. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Kassahun A. (2000). Comparative performance evaluation of Horro and Menz sheep of Ethiopiaunder grazing and intensive feeding conditions. Pp. 173 in PhD. Thesis. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Kosgey I.S. and Okeyo A.M. (2007). Genetic improvement of small ruminants in low-input, smallholder production systems: Technical and infrastructural issues. Small Rumin. Res. 70, 76-88.
KuneneN. (2010). Characterization of indigenous Zulu (Nguni) sheep for utilisation, improvement and conservation. Ph D. Thesis. KwaZulu-Natal Univ. KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Lebbie S.H.B., Rey B. and Irungu E.K. (1992). Sheep production in Zambia: A review of sheep breeding. Pp. 221-222 in Proc. 2nd Biennial Conf., Afric. Small Rumin. Res. Network AICC, Arusha, Tanzania.
Mandal A., Pant K.P., Nandy D.K., Rout P.K. and Roy R. (2010). Genetic analysis of growth traits in Muzaffarnagari sheep. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 35, 271-284.
Mengistie T. (2009). Growth of Washera ram lambs fed on Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) and Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) mixture at different levels of combination. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 21(12). Accessed 25 July 2011. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/12/taye21211.htm.
Mengistie T. (2008). On-farm performance of Washera sheep at Yilmanadensa and Quarit Woredas of the Amhara National Regional state. MS. Thesis. HawassaUniv., Awassa, Ethiopia.
MilanP., Petrovic D., Ruzic M., Violeta C.P. and Nevena M. (2011).Influence of environmental factors on birth weight variability of indigenous Serbian breeds of sheep. Afric. J. Biotec. 10, 4673-4676.
Mukasa-Mugerwa E. and Lahlou-Kassi A. (1995). Reproductive performance and productivity of Menz sheep in the Ethiopian highlands. Small Rumin. Res. 17, 167-177.
Niftalem D. (1990). Sheep production on smallholder farms in the Ethiopian highlands-a farming system approach. Ph D. Thesis. Humboldt Univ., Berlin, Germany.
Niu L.L., Li H.B., Ma Y.H. and Du L.X. (2012). Genetic variability and individual assignment of Chinese indigenous sheep populations (Ovis aries) using microsatellites. J. Anim. Genet. 43(1),108-111.
Nwafor C.U. (2004). Small ruminant livestock marketing in The Gambia: a socio-economic perspective. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev.16(4),207-214.
Pacinovski N. and Elena Eftimova Gievski M. (2006). Comparison of milk production ability betweenAwassi and East-Friesian sheep in Macedonia. Pp. 65-72 in Proc. 3rd Sym. Livest. Prod. Int. Part. 12-14 September, Ohrid, Macedonia.
Peters K.J. and Thorpe W. (1989). Trends in On-Farm Performances Testing of Cattle and Sheep in Sub Saharan Africa: Inter. Livestock Centre Afric.Bulletin. 35, 111-117.
Price M.M., Einkamerer O.B., De Witt F.H., Greyling J.P.C. and Fair M.D. (2009). The effect of dietary ionospheres on feedlot performance of lambs. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 39,141-144.
Sandip B. (2011). Carcass composition of Shahabadi sheep reared on natural pastures in hot and humid climate of eastern India. World. Appl. Sci. J. 14(4), 506-509.
Sultana N., Hossain S.M.J., Chowdhury S.A., Hassan M.R. and Ershaduzzaman M. (2010). Effects of age on intake, growth, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of castrated native sheep. Bangl. Vet. 27, 62-73.
Taye M., Abebe G., Gizaw S., Lemma S., Mekoya A. and Tibbo M. (2010). Growth performances of Washara sheep under smallholder management systems in Yilmanadensa and Quarit districts. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod. 42, 659-667.
Tibbo M. (2006). Productivity and health of indigenous sheep breeds and crossbreds in the central Ethiopian highlands. Ph D. Thesis. SwedishUniv.Uppsala, Sweden.
Tsedeke K.K. (2007). Production and marketing systems of sheep and goats in Alaba, Southern Ethiopia. MS. Thesis. Hawassa Univ, Ethiopia.
WilsonR.T.(1992). Goat and sheep skin and fibre production in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. Small Rumin. Res. 8, 13-29.
WilsonR.T. (1991). Small Ruminant Production and the Small Ruminant Genetic Resource in Tropical Africa. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
Wood J.D., MacFie H.J.H., Pomeroy R.W. and Twinn D.J. (2010). Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity. Camb. J. Online. 30, 103-108.
Yakubu A., Rajia O. and Omeje J.N. (2010). Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of qualitative traits in Nigerian indigenous goat and sheep populations. J. Agric. Biological. Sci. 5, 120-129.
Zelalem A. and Fletcher I. (1991). Small ruminant productivity in the central Ethiopian mixed farming systems. Pp. 141-147 in Proc. 4th NLIC., 13-15 November. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
