Effects of Barley Grain Particle Size on Ruminal Fermentation and Carcass Characteristics of Male Lambs Fed High Urea Diet
محورهای موضوعی : Camelس.ر. ابراهیمی-محمودآباد 1 , م. تقی نژاد-رودبنه 2
1 - Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: Performance, carcass, processing, ruminal ammonia,
چکیده مقاله :
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of barley grains particle size on ruminal pH and ammonia concentration of rams (experiment 1) and carcass characteristics (experiment 2) of male lambs fed high urea diet. Treatments in two experiments were (1: basal diet + whole barley grains, 2: basal diet + ground barley grains with a 5 mm screen, 3: basal diet + ground barley grains with a 3 mm screen and 4: basal diet + ground barley grains with a 1 mm screen). Basal diet (on a dry matter (DM) basis) consisted of 365 g/kg corn silage, 10 g/kg limestone, 10 g/kg urea, 5 g/kg salt, 10 g/kg a vitamin-mineral premix and 600 g/kg of barley. In experiment 1, three 2-year old rams were fistulated for measuring ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia concentration. Ruminl pH was decreased by feeding ground barley grains through a 1 mm screen compared to feeding the whole barley grains (P<0.05). However, Ruminal ammonia concentrations were similar for all groups. In experiment 2, twenty four male lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Lambs were fed with the above mentioned diets for 90 days. Average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, average DM intake was significantly affected by treatments (P<0.05). Final body weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, back fat thicknesses, carcass cuts (leg, shoulder, back and neck weights), internal organs (kidney, lungs, heart and gastrointestinal tract) weights were not significantly different between diets (P>0.05). Lambs fed diet containing ground barley with 3 mm of screen had (P<0.05) higher longissimus muscle area compared to lambs fed whole barley grain. Consumption of whole barley grains increased DM intake and pelvic and abdominal fats. As a conclusion, the consumption of ground barley grain with a 3 mm or a 5 mm screen is suggested for feeding lambs fed high urea diet.
به منظور تعیین اثرات اندازه ذرات جو بر pH و غلظت آمونیاک شکمبه و ویژگی‌های لاشه بره‌های نر تغذیه شده با اوره بالا، دو آزمایش جداگانه انجام شد. تیمارها در دو آزمایش شامل (جیره 1، جیره پایه+دانه کامل جو، جیره 2، جیره پایه+دانه جو آسیاب شده با الک 5 میلی‌متری، جیره 3، جیره پایه+دانه جو آسیاب شده با الک 3 میلی‌متری، جیره 4، جیره پایه+دانه جو آسیاب شده با الک 1 میلی‌متری) بود. جیره پایه، دارای 5/36 درصد ذرت علوفه‌ای سیلوشده، 1 درصد کربنات کلسیم، 1 درصد مکمل مواد معدنی و ویتامینی، 5/0 درصد نمک، 1 درصد اوره و 60 درصد دانه جو با اندازه ذرات مختلف بود. در آزمایش اول، سه رأس قوچ 2 دو ساله برای اندازه‌گیری pH و آمونیاک شکمبه فیستول گذاری شدند. مصرف دانه جو آسیاب شده با الک 1 میلی‌متری در مقایسه با مصرف دانه کامل جو سبب کاهش pH شکمبه شد (05/0>P)؛ ولی آمونیاک شکمبه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). در آزمایش دوم، تعداد 24 بره نر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به مدت 90 روز با چهار جیره ذکر شده قبلی تغذیه شدند. افزایش وزن روزانه، ماده خشک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت (05/0>P)؛ ولی وزن پایانی بره‌ها، وزن لاشه سرد، درصد لاشه، وزن ران، وزن پشت، وزن گردن، ضخامت چربی پشت و وزن اندام‌های داخلی (کلیه، شش‌ها، قلب و دستگاه گوارش) تحت تأثیر جیره‌های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). مصرف دانه جوآسیاب شده با الک 3 میلی‌متری سبب افزایش سطح مقطع ماهیچه راسته بره‌ها نسبت به سطح مقطع ماهیچه راسته بره‌های تغذیه شده با دانه کامل جو شد (05/0>P). مصرف جو به صورت دانه کامل سبب افزایش کل ماده خشک مصرفی، چربی لگن و چربی داخلی شد. بر پایه یافته‌های این پژوهش، مصرف دانه جو آسیاب شده با 3 یا 5 میلی‌متری برای تغذیه بره‌های نر تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی اوره بالا توصیه می‌شود.
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