Effect of Essential Oils of Various Plants as Microbial Modifier to Alter Corn Silage Fermentation and in vitro Methane Production
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ع. حجت پناه
1
,
م. دانش مسگران
2
,
A. وکیلی
3
,
ع.م. طهماسبی
4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: Essential Oil, methane emission, silage fermentation,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of present study was to assess the effects of individual various essential plant oils on chemical composition, aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of corn silage and in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission using gas production technique. Whole crop corn was harvested and ensiled in laboratory scale tubes (4±0.25 kg) for 45 days. Treatments consisted of either corn silage with no additive (control) or treated with 120 or 240 mg kg-1 DM of cinnamon (Cinn120 or Cinn240, respectively), thyme (Thy120 or Thy240, respectively), mint (Mint120 or Mint240, respectively), oregano (Oreg120 or Oreg240, respectively) or cumin (Cum120 or Cum240, respectively). Treatments were compared with control using the Dunnett test at (P<0.05). Silages treated with cinnamon essential oil had higher DM content compared with the control (P<0.05). The pH value of Mint240 was significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). A significant reduction in ammonia nitrogen concentration of silages treated with thyme essential oil was observed in comparison to the control (P<0.05). Relative to the control, all of applied additives except of mint essential oil caused a significant improvement in silage aerobic stability (ranging from 44% to 400% increment). At 24 h in vitro rumen post incubation, total produced gas from Oreg240 was diminished significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control (44.23 vs. 48.73 mL 250 mg-1 DM). When compared to the control, all treated silages except of Mint240 or Oreg120 produced higher methane during 24 h incubation (P<0.05). However, the ratio of methane to total gas was not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). In vitro dry matter disappearance of Thy120, Mint240 or Oreg240 increased by 10 percent compared with the control (P<0.05). Moreover, partitioning factor of Oreg240 was higher than the control (P<0.05). Results demonstrated the potential of applied essential oils to improve chemical composition, dry matter degradability and aerobic stability of corn silage.
هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات اسانسهای گیاهی مختلف بر ترکیب شیمیایی، پایداری هوازی و ویژگیهای تخمیری سیلاژ ذرت و همچنین تخمیر شکمبهای و تولید گاز متان در شرایط برونتنی با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز بود. گیاه کامل ذرت برداشت شد و در تیوبهای در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی (با گنجایش 25/0±4 کیلوگرم) برای مدت 45 روز سیلو شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سیلاژ ذرت فاقد افزودنی (شاهد) یا سیلاژ ذرت حاوی 120 یا 240 میلیگرم به ازای کیلوگرم ماده خشک اسانس دارچین (به ترتیب Cinn120 یا Cinn240)، اسانس آویشن (به ترتیب Thy120 یا Thy240)، اسانس نعناع (به ترتیبMint120 یا Mint240)، اسانس پونه (به ترتیبOreg120 یا Oreg240) یا اسانس زیره سبز (به ترتیبCumin120 یا Cumin240) بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی با استفاده از آزمون دانت در سطح احتمال (05/0>P) با تیمار شاهد مقایسه شدند. ارزش pH تیمار Mint240 به طور معنی‌داری از تیمار شاهد پایین تر بود (05/0>P). کاهش معنی‌داری در غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی سیلاژهای حاوی اسانس آویشن در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید (05/0>P). همه افزودنیهای مورد استفاده به جز اسانس نعناع نسبت به تیمار شاهد موجب بهبود معنی‌داری در پایداری هوازی سیلاژ شدند (بین 44 تا 400 درصد افزایش). در 24 ساعت پس از شروع کشت شکمبهای در شرایط برونتنی، کل گاز تولید شده ازOreg240 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به طور معنی‌داری (05/0>P) کاهش یافت (23/44 در مقابل 73/48 میلیلیتر به ازای 250 میلیگرم ماده خشک). در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، همه سیلاژهای حاوی اسانس بجزMint240 یا Oreg120 گاز متان بیشتری در طی 24 ساعت کشت تولید کردند (05/0>P). با این وجود نسبت گاز متان به کل گاز تولیدی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). ناپدید شدن ماده خشک در شرایط برونتنی درتیمارهای Thy 120، Mint240 یاOreg240 در قیاس با تیمار شاهد 10 درصد افزایش یافت (05/0>P). افزودن براین ، نسبت ماده خشک ناپدید شده به گاز تولید شده در تیمار Oreg240 بالاتر از تیمار شاهد بود (05/0>P). نتایج نشان دهنده توانایی اسانسهای گیاهی مورد استفاده در جهت بهبود ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیهپذیری ماده خشک و پایداری هوازی سیلاژ ذرت بود.
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