Physiological, Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) as Affected by Early Heat Stress and Dietary Treatment
محورهای موضوعی : CamelE.F. El-Daly 1 , I. El-Wardany 2 , A.H.A. El-Gawad 3 , A.E.A. Hemid 4 , N.A.A . El-Azeem 5
1 - Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2 - Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shobra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
3 - Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
4 - Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shobra El-Kheima, Cairo, Egypt
5 - Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
کلید واژه: energy, heat stress, Lysine, quail, incubation temperature, vitamin C,
چکیده مقاله :
The main objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of short- term exposure of Japanese quail eggs to acute high incubation temperature on embryonic development and on the ability of post- hatched chicks to cope with subsequent heat stress conditions during the growing period. A total of 998 Japanese quail eggs were divided into two groups, the first group (470 eggs) was maintained at the recommended incubation temperature (37.5 ˚C), while the second group (528 eggs) was exposed to 39.5 ˚C for two hours at days 3, 7 and 13 of embryogenesis. After hatching, chicks from each incubation temperature were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, a control, a high-energy (+150 kcal ME/kg diet more than the recommended level); a high-lysine (10% more than in the control diet) and a vitamin C supplemented diet. During the experimental period all of the quail were fed ad libitum and they received similar hygienic and managerial conditions. The rearing temperature was 32±2 ˚C during the entire experimental period. Pre-hatching exposure of eggs to 39.5 ˚C did not significantly affect the post-hatching body weight and weight gain during the growing period. While, vitamin C or high-energy diet increased it. Body temperature, respiration rate (RR) and the relative weights of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were not significantly affected by the pre-hatching temperature or the post-hatching dietary treatments. However, the high-energy and vitamin C diets caused obvious decreases in RR at 4 weeks of age. Pre-hatching heat treatments caused a slight increase in the plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations, however, was significantly decreased by both the pre- hatching temperature and post- hatching dietary treatments at 6 weeks of age. Based on the above results, it was concluded that pre-hatching exposure of quail eggs to high temperature and post-hatching feeding of a high-energy or vitamin C supplemented diet can be recommended for alleviating the deleterious effects of heat stress during the growing period.
Abd El-Azim A. (1991). Changes in some physiological parameters due to differentpre and post hatch temperatures in poultry. Ph D. Thesis. Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ.
Abdel-Fattah S.A. (2006). Physiological and immunological adjustments of dietary ascorbic acid and acetyl salicylic acid in heat stressed Japanese quail. Egypt J. Poult. Sci. 26(4), 1395-1418.
Akiba Y., Jensen L.S., Bart C.R. and Kraeling R.R. (1982). Plasma estradiol, thyroid hormones and liver lipids determination in birds. J. Nutr. 112, 299-308.
Attia A.I., Hassan I.I., El-Zaiat A.A. and Abd El-Maksoud A.A. (2003). Effects of dietary oil and ascorbic acid on the performance of broiler chicks under Egyptian summer conditions. Egypt J. Nutr. Feeds. 6, 3-4.
Balnave D. and Brake J. (2005). Nutrition and management of heat-stressed pullets and laying hens. World's Poult. Sci. J. 61, 399-406.
Baumgartner J. (1994). Japanese quail production, breeding and genetics. World's Poult. Sci. J. 50(3), 227-235.
Bhanja S.K., Mandal A.B. and Goswami T.K. (2004). Effect of in ovo injection of amino acids on growth, immune response, development of digestive organs and carcass yields of broilers. Indian J. of Poult Sci. 39(3), 212-218.
Bobek S., Niegoda J., Pletras M., Kacinska M. and Ewy Z. (1980). The effect of acute cold and warm ambient temperatures on the thyroid hormone concentration in blood plasma, blood supply and oxygen consumption in Japanese quail. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 40, 201-210.
Cftc M., Ertas O.N. and Guler T. (2005). Effects of vitamin E and vitamin C dietary supplementation on egg production and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a chronic heat stress. Rev. Med. Vet. 156(2), 107-111.
Deeb N. and Cahaner A. (2002). Genotype by environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate.3-Growth rate and water consumption of broiler progeny from weight-selected parents under normal and high ambient temperatures. Poult. Sci. 81, 293-301.
Duncan D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11, 1-42.
El-Komy E.M.A. (2004). Influence of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid supplementation on performance of broiler chicks subjected to heat stress. MS. Thesis. Fac. of Agric., Tanta Univ.
Farrell D.J. and Swain S. (1977). Effects of temperature treatments on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of fed chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 18, 735-748.
Gheisari A.A., Samie A.H., Mousavi T., Pourreza J. and Ghorbani G.R. (2002). Effects of dietary vitamin C, E and fat on CD4 to CD8 T cell ratios in peripheral blood of heat-stressed broiler chicks. Arch. Razi. Inst. 54, 65-75.
Gous R.M. and Morris T.R. (2005). Nutritional interventions in alleviating the effects of high temperatures in broiler production. World's Poult. Sci. 61, 463-475.
Haazele F.M. (1992). Response to dietary ascorbic acid supplementation in laying hens: Effect of exposure to high temperature and ochratoxin A digestion. Poult. Sci. 71, 512-521.
Hahn T.W., Lohakare J.D., Shim Y.H., Han K.N., Won H.K., Park Y.H. and Chae B.J. (2005). The effects of vitamin C-polyethylene glycol complex on growth performance and immunity of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 14(1), 139-150.
Holik V. (2009). Management of laying hens to minimize heat stress. Lohmann Info. 44, 16-29.
Iqbal A., Decuypere E., El-Azim A.A. and Kuhn E.R. (1990). Pre and post hatch high temperature exposure affects the thyroid hormones and corticosterone response to acute heat stress in growing chicken (Gallus domesticus). J. Therm. Biol. 15(2), 149-153.
Joachim J.A., Joseph O.A. and Sunday A.O. (2010).Effects of heat stress on some blood parameters and egg production of Shika Brown layer chickens transported by road. Biol. Res. 43, 183-189.
Leandro N.S.M., Gonzales E., Ferro A., Ferro M.I.T., Givisiez P.E.N. and Macari M. (2004). Expression of heat shock protein in broiler embryo tissues after acute cold or heat stress. Molecular. Reprod. Dev. 67(2), 172-177.
Mashaly M.M., Hendricks G.L., Kalama M.A., Gehad A.E., Abbas A.O. and Pattersont P.H. (2004). Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83, 889-894.
May J.D. and Lott B.D. (1992). Feed and water consumption patterns of broilers at high environmental temperature. Poult. Sci. 76, 627-633.
May J.D., Deaton J.W., Reece F.N. and Branton S.L. (1986). Effect of acclimation and heat stress on thyroid hormone concentration. Poult. Sci. 65, 1211-1213.
McNaughton J.L., May J.D., Reece F.N. and Deaton J.W. (1978). Lysine requirement of broilers as influenced by environmental temperature. Poult. Sci. 57, 57-68.
Moraes V.M.B., Malheiros R.D., Bruggeman V., Collin A., Tona K., As P., Onagbesan O.M., Buyse J., Decuypere E. and Macari M. (2003). Effect of thermal conditioning during embryonic development on aspects of physiological responses of broilers to heat stress. J. Therm. Biol. 28(2), 133-140.
Murray P.K., Granner D.K., Mayes P.A. and Rodwell V.W. (2000). Harper's Biochemistry. 25th Ed., Appleton and Lange, California, USA.
Nitsan A. (1992). Pigeon and quail production. 19th World's Poultry Congress, Amsterdam, Holland. 3, 325-329.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Parmentier H.K., Nieuwland M.G.B., Barwegen M.W., Kwakkel R.P. and Schrama J.W. (2002). Dietary unsaturated fatty acids affect antibody responses and growth of chickens divergently selected for humoral responses to sheep red blood cells. Poult. Sci. 76(8), 1164-1171.
Puvadolpirod S. and Thaxton J.P. (2000a). Model of physiological stress in chickens: 1. Response parameters. Poult. Sci. 79, 363-369.
Puvadolpirod S. and Thaxton J.P. (2000b). Model of physiological stress in chickens: 2. Dosimetry of adrenocorticotropin. Poult. Sci. 79, 370-376.
Puvadolpirod S. and Thaxton J.P. (2000c). Model of physiological stress in chickens: 3. Temporal patterns of responses. Poult. Sci. 79, 377-382.
Rama Rao S.V., Raju M.V.L.N. and Nagalakshmi D. (2004). Nutritional modulation to enhance immunity in chickens. Poult. Int. 43, 24-28.
Ricklefs R.E. (1974). Energetics of reproduction in birds. Pp. 152-159 in Avian Energetics. R.A. Paynter, Ed. Cambridge, Nuttall Ornithological Club.
Sahin K., Kucuk O., Sahin N. and Sari M. (2002). Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid per oxidation status, serum hormone, metabolite and mineral concentrations of Japanese quail reared under heat stress (34 degrees C). Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 72(2), 91-100.
Sahin K., Onderci M., Sahin N., Gursu M.F. and Kucuk O. (2003a). Dietary vitamin C and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in Japanese quail. J. Nutr. 133, 1882-1886.
Sahin K., Sahin N. and Kucuk O. (2003b). Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32 degrees C). Nutr. Res. 23(2), 225-238.
Sahin K., Sahin N., Onderci M., Gursu M.F. and Issi M. (2003c). Vitamin C and E can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in Japanese quail. J. Food Agric. Environ. 1(2), 244-249.
SAS Institute. (1994). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Seyrek K., Yensey C., Serter M., Kral F.K., Ulutas P.A. and Bardakcoglu H.E. (2004). Effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on some serum biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quail exposed to heat stress (34.8 ˚C). Rev. Med. Vet. 155(6), 339-342.
Sujatha V., Korde J.P., Rastogi S.K., Maini S., Ravikanth K. and Rekhe D.S. (2010). Amelioration of heat stress induced disturbances of the antioxidant defense system in broiler. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health. 2(3), 18-28.
Tolba A.A.H. and Hassan M.S.H. (2003). Using some natural additives to improve physiological and productive performance of broiler chicks under high temperature condition. Egypt Poult. Sci. 23(2), 327-340.
Wu C.C., Dorairajan T. and Lin T.L. (2000). Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the immune response of chickens vaccinated and challenged with infectious bursal disease virus. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 74(1), 145-152.
Yahav S., Luger D., Cahaner A., Dotan M., Rusal M. and Hurwitz S. (1998). Thermoregulation in naked neck chickens subjected to different ambient temperatures. Br. Poult. Sci. 39, 133-138.
Yahav S., Shamay A., Horev G., Bar Ilan D., Genina O. and Friedman Einat M. (1997). Effect of acquisition of improved thermo tolerance on the induction of heat shock proteins in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 76, 1428-1434.
Zhou W.T., Chaiyabuter N. and Yamamoto S. (1999). Distribution of body fluid and change of blood viscosity in broilers (Gallus domesticus) under high temperature exposure. J. Them. Biol. 24, 193-197.
Zulkifli I., Doss R.T. and Che Norma M.T. (1999). Acute heat stress effects on physiology and fear related behavior in red jungle fowl and domestic fowl. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 79, 165-170.