The Effect of Grape Seed Extract Supplementation on Performance, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ح. حاجاتی
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. حسن آبادی
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. گلیان
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ح. نصیری-مقدم
4
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
م.ر. نصیری
5
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: antioxidant enzyme, broiler chicken, immunity, heat stress, grape seed extract,
چکیده مقاله :
The effect of grape seed extract (GSE) feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune responses in broiler chickens suffering from heat stress were investigated in this study. Experimental diets including control diet (with no additive), 3 levels of GSE (150, 300, 450 mg/kg), and one level of vitamin C (300 mg/kg) as a positive control were fed to the birds from 1 to 42 d of age. The chronic heat stress (34±1 ˚C temperature for 5 hours per day) was provided from 29 to 42 d of age. The GSE supplementation up to 300 mg/kg diet increased the average daily gain of broiler chickens compared to the control group prior to heat stress (1-28 d). During the heat stress condition, dietary GSE at the rate of 300 and 450 mg/kg diet improved feed conversion ratio. The GSE supplementation at 300 mg/kg diet increased IgG titer as a primary and secondary response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) injection. In addition, birds fed diet with GSE (150, 300, 450 mg/kg diet), or vitamin C (300 mg/kg diet) had higher levels of IgG titers as a secondary responses to SRBC. The GSE supplementation at the rate of 300 and 450 mg/kg diet reduced heterophil percent, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and increased the percentage of lymphocyte of broilers under heat stress. Supplementation of diet with GSE (300, 450 mg/kg diet) increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in birds under heat stress condition. The GSE or vitamin C supplementation did not affect the results of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response, and relative weights of spleen and bursa of fabricius in chickens under heat stress. However, supplementation of diet with GSE (300, 450 mg/kg diet) or vitamin C (300 mg/kg diet) increased relative weight of thymus in birds under heat stress condition. Thus, GSE supplementation could alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress in broiler chickens better than vitamin C and it is preferable for the health and economic goals since it is a natural waste by-product.
پژوهش‌های حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 150، 300 یا 450 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم، ویتامین C در سطح 300 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان کنترل مثبت به پرنده­ها از 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. تنش گرمایی مزمن (دمای 1±34 درجه سانتی­گراد روزانه به مدت 5 ساعت) از 29 تا 42 روزگی القا شد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور تا سطح 300 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم جیره افزایش وزن روزانه جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد قبل از تنش حرارتی افزایش داد (28-1 روزگی). حین شرایط تنش گرمایی، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره ضریب تبدیل غذایی را بهبود داد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور در سطح 300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ اولیه و ثانویه به تزریق گلبول قرمز گوسفندی را افزایش داد. به علاوه، پرندگان تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره)، یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) سطوح بالاتری از تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ ثانویه در برابر گلبول قرمز گوسفندی داشتند. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره درصد هتروفیل، نسبت هتروفیل/لمفوسیت را کاهش و درصد لمفوسیت جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را در پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی افزایش داد. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیری بر پاسخ حساسیت پوستی و وزن نسبی طحال و بورس فابریسیوس جوجه­های تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت. اما مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) وزن نسبی تیموس پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. بنابراین، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بهتر از ویتامین C توانست اثرات مضر تنش گرمایی را در جوجه­های گوشتی کاهش دهد و برای اهداف اقتصادی و سلامت ارجحیت دارد زیرا بخشی از پسماندهای جانبی طبیعی است.
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