Effect of Tryptophan Supplementation in Protein Deficient Diets on Performance, Gut Development and Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

م. فاطمی ¹ , م. طغیانی ²

1 - Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/12/10

کلید واژه: Performance, immunity, broilers, gastrointestinal tract, tryptophan,

چکیده مقاله :

The current trial was conducted to investigate effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation in crude protein (CP) deficient diets on performance, gut development and immune responses in broiler chickens. A total of 420 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to one of 6 dietary treatments, ‎comprising 5 replicates in a completely randomized design including: 1) ‎control diet (CTL) (diet based on Ross 2014 recommendation), 2) CTL + 0.15% Trp (+Trp), 3) low CP diet 1 (LCP1) (10% CP lower than Ross 2014 recommendation), 4) LCP1 + 0.15% Trp, 5) low CP diet 2 (LCP2) (20% lower CP than Ross 2014 recommendation), and 6) LCP2 + 0.15% Trp. Body weight (BW), ‎daily feed intake and feed ‎conversion ratios were evaluated in different phases of the experiment. Digestive organs were measured on day 28 and at the end of the rearing period. Morphology of small intestine was evaluated on day 28 of age. The tonic immobility test was applied at the end of the experiment. Birds receiving low CP diets had lower BW and daily weight gain (DWG) during the starter period (P<0.05). Supplementation of Trp to LCP1 diets ameliorated reduced growth performance (P<0.05), with no effect when added to LCP2 diets. Abdominal fat deposition tended to be lower in birds consuming + Trp diets. Chickens fed on LCP2 had increased crypt depth and lower villus height to crypt depth ratio than birds in CTL group in jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Feeding LCP2 and LCP2 + Trp diets increased heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) in broiler chicks while had no effect on tonic immobility duration. In conclusion, Trp. supplementation to LCP1 diets could ameliorate the loss of performance in broilers received low CP diets.

چکیده انگلیسی:

تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل کردن تریپتوفان در جیره‌های با کمبود پروتئین خام بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخ‌های ایمنی در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) در میان 6 تیمار با 5 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارتند از: 1) جیره شاهد (CTL) (جیره بر اساس نیاز توصیه شده کاتالوگ راس 2014 تنظیم شد)، 2) جیره شاهد + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 3) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 1 (LCP1) (10 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014)، 4) LCP1 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 5) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 2 (LCP2) (20 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014) و 6) LCP2 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان. وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل جوجه‌ها در دوره‌های مختلف آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اندام‌های هضمی در روز 28 و انتهای آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ریخت‌شناسی روده کوچک در روز 28 آزمایش بررسی شد. تست ترس در روز پایانی آزمایش انجام گرفت. جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده جیره‌های با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام، وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه پایین‌تری در انتهای دوره آغازین داشتند (05/0>P). مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیره‌های LCP1 کاهش عملکرد رشد آنها را جبران نمود (05/0>P) اما تأثیری پس از افزودن به جیره‌های LCP2 نداشت. چربی محوطه شکمی در جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده جیره‌های + Trp تمایل به کاهش نشان داد. جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده جیره LCP2 در ژوژنوم و ایلئوم عمق کریپت بیشتر و نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت کمتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). تغذیه جوجه‌ها با جیره‌های LCP2 وLCP2  + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت را در جوجه‌های گوشتی افزایش داد در حالیکه تأثیری بر طول زمان تست ترس نداشت. به طور کلی، مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیره‌های LCP1 کاهش رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی را در مقایسه با جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های کم پروتئین کاهش داد.

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