Effects of Two Sources of Tannins on Performance, Nitrogen Utilization and Efficiency of Microbial Nitrogen Synthesis in Dairy Goats
محورهای موضوعی : Camelا. مختارپور 1 , ع.ع. ناصریان 2 , ف. پورملایی 3 , س. صفا 4
1 - Research Center of Special Domestic Animals, Research Institute at University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Agricultural Jihad Organization of Khorasan-Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: dairy goats, nitrogen utilization, pistachio by-product extract, tannic acid,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannic acid (TA) and pistachio by-product tannin extract (PBE) on N utilization and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) in Saanen dairy goats. The experimental design was a change over design with three treatments and three periods using six mid lactation multiparous dairy goats. Tannic acid solution and PBE were added to fresh alfalfa at ensiling to get the final concentration of about 1% tannin as dry matter (DM) basis. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) untreated alfalfa silage (AS), 2) AS treated with TA (AS+TA) and 3) AS treated with PBE (AS+PBE). Intake of DM, organic matter (OM) and N and also milk yield and composition (as percent or as g/d) were not affected by tannin additions. A considerable shift occurred in the pattern of N excretion in goats fed PBE diet compared to control silage diet. Urinary N losses had a tendency (P<0.10) to lower (17.4 vs. 19.2 g/d) and fecal N losses was higher for goats fed AS + PBE compared with those fed the AS silage diet (14.6 vs. 12.6 g/d). As a proportion of N intake or as g N loss per d, retained N was higher (P<0.05) in goats fed AS + PBE compared to those fed the control diet. Microbial nitrogen synthesis (MN) was not affected by tannin additions. However, a trend (P<0.10) for less efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMN) was observed in tannin fed goats compared to those fed the control diet. Although, tannins added to AS may exert some beneficial effects on N utilization and also environmental N outputs, they may interfere with rumen fermentation lead to decrease in EMN in goats especially those fed with PBE.
هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی اثرات اسید تانیک (TA) و عصاره حاوی تانن محصولات فرعی پسته (PBE) بر مصرف نیتروژن و راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای شیری سانن بود. در این مطالعه از 6 رأس بز شیری چند شکم زایش در اواسط شیردهی در قالب یک طرح چرخشی با 3 دوره استفاده شد. محلول TA و PBE در زمان سیلو کردن به یونجه تازه اضافه شد تا غلظت نهایی تانن حدود 1 درصد ماده خشک شود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1) سیلاژ یونجه بدون عمل‌آوری (AS)، 2) سیلاژ یونجه عمل‌آوری شده با TA (AS+TA)، و 3) سیلاژ یونجه عمل‌آوری شده با PBE (AS+PBE). مصرف ماده خشک، ماده آلی و نیتروژن و همچنین تولید و ترکیبات شیر (به صورت درصد یا گرم در روز) تحت تأثیر اضافه کردن تانن قرار نگرفت. تغییر الگوی قابل ملاحظه‌ای در دفع نیتروژن از ادرار به مدفوع در بزهای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی PBE در مقایسه با گروه شاهد مشاهده شد. دفع نیتروژن از ادرار دارای روند (10/0=P) رو به کاهش (4/17 در مقابل 2/19 گرم در روز) و دفع نیتروژن از مدفوع در بزهای تغذیه شده با AS + PBE نسبت به سیلاژ شاهد بیشتر (05/0P<) بود (6/14 در مقابل 6/12 گرم در روز). نیتروژن ابقا شده چه به صورت درصدی از نیتروژن مصرفی و چه به صورت گرم در روز، در بزهای تغذیه شده با AS + PBE نسبت به سیلاژ شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0P<). سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی تحت تأثیر اضاف کردن تانن قرار نگرفت. ولی، راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزهای تغذیه شده با تانن نسبت به آنهایی که با سیلاژ شاهد تغذیه شده بودند دارای روند رو به کاهش بود (10/0=P). اگرچه، تانن‌های اضافه شده به سیلاژ یونجه ممکن است اثرات مفیدی بر مصرف نیتروژن و همچنین نیتروژن دفع شده به محیط زیست داشته باشند، ولی ممکن است با تخمیر شکمبه‌ای تداخل ایجاد کرده و منجر به کاهش راندمان سنتز نیتروژن میکروبی در بزها مخصوصاً آنهایی که با PBE تغذیه شدند، شود.
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