Milk Production and Composition, and Intake of Holstein Lactating Cows Fed Diets with Partial Substitution of Soybean Meal with Flaked Field Pea
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
آ. پیرزاده نائینی
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
م. دانش مسگران
2
(
گروه علوم دامی-دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد-مشهد-ایران
)
ع.ر. وکیلی
3
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
ه. ابراهیمی
4
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
)
کلید واژه: dairy cow, milk composition, milk yield, intake, field pea,
چکیده مقاله :
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a partial substitution of soybean meal with field pea (Pisum sativum) in Holstein lactating dairy cow diets on dry matter intake, milk yield and composition, blood metabolites, rumen ammonia-N concentration and pH. Eighteen lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned into three groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield. Flaked field peas replaced soybean meal (SBM) at the levels of 0.0, 33 and 66% (P0, P33 and P66, respectively) and were fed to the animals for 33 days. Dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, blood metabolites, rumen ammonia-N concentration and pH were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the diets. The results of this study demonstrated that field pea could safely replace soybean meal up to 66% in the diet of high-producing dairy cows.
مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر جایگزین نمودن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی (Pisum sativum) در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بر میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید و ترکیب شیر، غلظت متابولیت های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه صورت گرفت. تعداد 18 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتاین براساس وزن بدن، روزهای شیردهی و تولید شیر به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه آزمایشی قرار گرفتند. نخود زراعی پولکی شده در سطوح صفر، 33 و 66 درصد جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردید و به مدت 33 روز در جیره گاوها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. استفاده از جیره های متفاوت هیچ تأثیر معنی داری بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر، محتوای چربی و پروتئین شیر، متابولیت های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه نداشت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که نخود زراعی میتواند بدون تأثیر منفی تا سطح 66 درصد در جیره گاوهای شیرده پرتولید جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردد.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Aufrere J., Graviou D. and Michalet-Doreau B. (1994). Degradation of proteins of two legumes: Soybean meal and field pea. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 34, 483-490.
Besle J.M., Lamaison J. L., Dujol B., Pradel P., Fraisse D., Viala D. and Martin B. (2005). Flavonoids and other phenolics in milk as a putative tool for traceability of dairy production systems. Pp. 345-350 in Indicators of Milk and Beef Quality, Proceedings of the European Association of Animal Production Publication. J.F. Hocquette and S. Gigli, Eds. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Beyer M., Chudy A., Hoffmann L., Jentsch W., Laube W., Nehring K. and Schiemann R. (2003). Rostock Feed Evaluation System: Reference Numbers of Feed Value and Requirement on the Base of Net Energy. Gottlob Volkhardtsche Druckerei, Amorbach, Germany.
Bodine T.N., Purvis II H.T., Ackerman C.J. and Goad C.L. (2000). Effects of supplementing prairie hay with corn and soybean meal on intake, digestion, and ruminal measurements by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 3144-3154.
Corbett R.R. (1997). Peas as a protein and energy source for ruminants. Adv. Dairy Technol. 9, 213-247.
Corbett R.R., Okine E.K. and Goonewardene L. (1994). Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 75, 625-629.
Cozzi G., Boukha A., Contiero B. and Gottardo F. (2010). Extruded pea (Pisum sativum) as alternative to soybean protein for dairy cows feeding in organic Alpine farms. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 9(2), 177-189.
Demjanec B., Merchen N.R., Cremin J.D., Aldrich C.G. and Berger L.L. (1995). Effect of roasting on site and extent of digestion of soybean meal by sheep: I. Digestion of nitrogen and amino acids. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 824-834.
Duen˜as M., Herna´ndez T. and Estrella I. (2004). Occurrence of phenolic compounds in the seed coat and the cotyledon of peas (Pisum sativum). European Food Res. Technol. 219, 116-123.
Froidmont E. and Bartiaux-Thill N. (2004). Suitability of lupin and pea seeds as a substitute for soybean meal in high-producing dairy cow feed. Anim. Res. 53, 475-487.
Gottardo F., Berzaghi P., Burato G.M. and Andrighetto I. (1999). The use of an automatic intake recording system to study the feeding behaviour of dairy cows housed in free stalls. Pp. 434-436 in Proc. 13th ASPA Congr., Piacenza, Italy.
Hoden A., Delaby L. and Marquis B. (1992). Pea protein for use as a single concentrate for dairy cows. Prod. Anim. 5, 37-42.
Khorasani G.R., Okine E.K., Corbett R.R. and Kennelly J.J. (2001). Nutritive value of peas for lactating dairy cattle. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 81, 541-551.
Ko¨ster H.H., Cochran R.C., Titgemeyer E.C., Vanzant E.S., Abdelgadir I. and St-Jean G. (1996). Effect of increasing degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage by beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 2473-2481.
Maekawa M., Beuchemin K.A. and Christensen D.A. (2002). Effect of concentrate level and feeding management on chewing activities, saliva production and ruminal pH of lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 1165-1175.
Martin P. and Bateson P. (1993). Measuring behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Masoero F., Moschini M., Fusconi G. and Piva G. (2006). Raw, extruded and expanded pea (Pisum sativum) in dairy cows diets. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 5, 237-247.
Masoero F., Pulimeno A.M. and Rossi F. (2005). Effect of extrusion, expantion and toasting on the nutritional value of peas, faba beans and lupins. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 4, 177-189.
McAllister T.A., Cheng K.J., Beauchemin K.A., Bailey D.R.C., Pickard M.D. and Gilbert R.P. (1993). Use of lignosulfonate to decrease the rumen degradability of canola meal protein. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 73, 211-215.
Michalet-Doreau B. and Cerneau P. (1991). Influence of foodstuff particle size on in situ degradation of nitrogen in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 35(1), 69-81.
Moon S.J., Kottgen M., Jiao Y., Xu H. and Montell C. (2006). A taste receptor required for the caffeine response in vivo. Curr. Biol. 16(18), 1812-1817.
Moschini M., Masoero F., Prandini A., Fusconi G., Morlacchini M. and Piva G. (2005b). Raw pea (Pisum sativum), raw faba bean (Vicia faba) and raw lupin (Lupinus albus) as alternative protein sources in broiler diets. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 4, 59-70.
Moshtaghi Nia S.A. and Ingalls J.R. (1992). Effect of heating on canola meal protein degradation in the rumen and digestion in thelower gastrointestinal tract of steers. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 72, 83-88.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Petit H.V., Rioux R. and Ouellet D.R. (1997). Milk production and intake of lactating cows fed raw or extruded peas. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 3377-3385.
Poncet C., Rémond D., Lepage E. and Doreau M. (2003). Comment mieux valoriser les protéagineux et oléagineux en alimentation des ruminants. Fourrages. 174, 205-229.
Rémond D., Aufrère J., Bernard L., Poncet C. and Peyronnet C. (1997). Nitrogen value of protein rich leguminous seeds: Ruminal degradability of raw and extruded pea, and lupin. Renc. Rech. Rumin. 4, 133-136.
Sanson D.W., Clanton D.C. and Rush I.G. (1990). Intake and digestion of low quality meadow hay by steers and performance of cows on native range when fed protein supplements containing various levels of corn. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 595-603.
SAS Institute. (2001). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Soto-Navarro S.A., Lawler T.L., Taylor J.B., Reynolds L.P., Reed J.J., Finley J.W. and Caton J.S. (2004). Effect of high-selenium wheat on visceral organ mass, and intestinal cellularity and vascularity in finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 1788-1793.
Vander Pol M.., Hristov A.N., Zaman S., Delano N. and Schneider C. (2009). Effect of inclusion of peas in dairy cow diets on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and nitrogen losses. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 150(1), 95-105.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Ward D., Corbett R.R., Slack W. and Goonewardene L. (1989). Field peas as a protein source for lactating dairy cows. Final report for farming for the future project number 89-F023-5, Alberta Agriculture, Edmonton, Canada.
