The Effects of Phenolic Compounds in Iranian Propolis Extracts on in vitro Rumen Fermentation, Methane Production and Microbial Population
محورهای موضوعی : Camelش. احتشام 1 , ع.ر. وکیلی 2 , م. دانش مسگران 3 , و. بانکوا 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Campus, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 - Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
کلید واژه: gas production, methane production, microbial, Iranian propolis extracts, rumen fer-mentation,
چکیده مقاله :
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical compounds of Iranian propolis (IP) extracts and to show flavonoids and phenol effects on methane production, fermentation characteristics and rumen microbial population (in vitro). In this study two diets with different concentrate: forage ratios as (HC: high concentrate) and (MC: middle concentrate), respectively as non-supplemented or supplemented with different Iranian propolis (IP) extracts were used. The treatments were HC (control), HC + IP 25%, HC + IP 50%, HC + IP 75%, MC (control), MC + IP 25%, MC + IP 50% and MC + IP 75%, which means 25, 50 and 75 g of propolis in 100 mL ethanol 70%, respectively. The results showed that IP significantly increased gas production in IP 75% with different concentrate: forage ratios. Adding IP caused a decrease in pH, however this decrease was not significant in all treatments. There was a significant difference between the effect of HC + IP 50% on NH3-N compared to the HC + IP 25% and HC. Adding IP 75% significantly decreased CH4 production compared to the other treatments. In HC diet, there was no significant difference in total populations of protozoa and Ruminococcus albus between the individual IP 25%, 50%, 75% treatments, however when they were considered as the group, a significant difference was observed between them and the control group. The highest decrease and the highest increase in total populations of Prevotella bryantii was observed in IP 75% and in IP25%, respectively. In MC diet, methanogens were significantly reduced in IP 25%, 50% and 75%, compared to control treatment. The propolis extract caused improvement in fermentation and decreased methane and nitrogen ammonia. This may help the nitrogen retain longer in ruminants.
برای انجام این تحقیق دو نوع خوراک (پر کنستانتره و پر علوفه) به همراه غلظت‌های مختلف عصاره الکلی بره موم زنبور عسل ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بکار رفته در پژوهش شامل: خوراک پرکنستانتره (کنترل)، خوراک پرکنستانتره + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 50 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 75 درصد، خوراک پر علوفه (کنترل)، خوراک پر علوفه + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرعلوفه +50 درصد و خوراک پر علوفه +75 درصد (یعنی 25، 50 و 75 گرم بره موم زنبورعسل ایرانی در 100 سی‌سی الکل اتانول 70 درصد) بود. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد تیمارهای حاوی بره موم 75 درصد تولید گاز را به طور معنی‌داری افزایش می‌دهد. افزودن بره موم موجب تغییر معنی‌داری در pH شکمبه نمی‌شود. در تیمار خوراک‌های پرکنستانتره تیمار حاوی بره موم 50 درصد موجب کاهش معنی‌دار نیتروژن آمونیاکی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها می‌شود. همچنین تیمار حاوی بره موم 75 درصد موجب کاهش معنی‌دار تولید گاز متان می‌شود. بیشترین کاهش و بیشترین افزایش جمعیت پریوتلا بریانتی به ترتیب در تیمارهای حاوی 75 درصد و 25 درصد مشاهده شد. در تیمار خوراک‌های پرعلوفه کاهش معنی‌دار جمعیت پروتوزوآ در بره موم 75 درصد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده شد. بعلاوه جمعیت متانوژنزها کاهش معنی‌داری در تیمارهای حاوی 25 دصد، 50 درصد و 75 درصد بره موم در مقابسه با کنترل داشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره بره موم موجب بهبود تخمیر، کاهش متان و نیتروژن آمونیاکی می‌شود.
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