The Effect of Weaning Age on Performance and Economics of Holstein Calves Reared under Organic Farming System
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
M. Sharifi
1
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
A.A. Khadem
2
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
)
B.J. Heins
3
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA
)
R. Pahlavan
4
(
National Animal Breeding Center and Promotion of Animal Product, Karaj, Iran
)
M. Safdari
5
(
Departmentof Animal Science, Valfajr Agricultural Research Center, Tehran, Iran
)
کلید واژه: dairy calf, feed cost, feed efficiency, organic farm,
چکیده مقاله :
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weaning age on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), feed cost (FC) and benefit index (BI) of Holstein calves reared under organic farming system. Thirty two Holstein calves were divided into two treatments: early weaning (EW) vs. late weaning (LW). Calves in the both groups were provided with whole milk at the rate of 10% body weight (BW). Calves had free access to leafy alfalfa hay from birth until the end of the experiment. Also, the EW group was provided with starter diet after weaning till 90 days of age.The daily DMI and BW at 15-day intervals were measured and FE and FC were calculated for periods. The DMI of LW and EW calves was significantly different from third period to end of experiment. Moreover, ADG of EW was higher than LW in all of periods.Except for first and second, FE was significantly different between the groups in other periods. Also, due to an increase FC for calves reared on LW compared to EW-calves group, the BI was higher in EW-calves.
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سن شیر‌گیری بر مصرف ماده خشک، متوسط وزن روزانه، بازده خوراک، هزینه خوراک و شاخص سود گوساله هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روش‌های سبز بود. 32 گوساله هلشتاین در دو روش پرورش یافتند که شامل: زود از شیرگرفته شده و شیر‌گیری با تأخیر. گوساله‌های هر دو گروه با شیر کامل و با نرخ 10 درصد وزن بدن تیمار شدند. گوساله‌ها از بدو تولد تا پایان آزمایش دسترسی آزاد به برگ یونجه خشک داشتند. همچنین، گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده با رژیم غذایی استارتر بعد از شیر گرفتن تا سن 90 روزگی نگهداری شدند. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه و وزن بدن در فواصل 15 روز اندازه‌گیری شد و بازده خوراک و هزینه خوراک برای دوره‌های موجود محاسبه گردید. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه گوساله‌های شیر‌گیری با تأخیر و زود از شیرگرفته شده به طور قابل توجهی از دوره سوم تا پایان آزمایش متفاوت بود. علاوه بر این، متوسط وزن روزانه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر از شیر‌گیری با تأخیر در تمام دوره‌ها بود. به جز دوره اول و دوم، بازده خوراک بین دیگر دوره‌ها متفاوت بود. همچنین، به دلیل افزایش هزینه خوراک برای گوساله‌های پرورش یافته در شیر‌گیری با تأخیر نسبت به گروه از شیرگرفته شده، شاخص سود در گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر بود.
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