Economic Value and Produced Milk Quality in Holstein Lactating Cows in Organic System

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

م. شریفی ¹ ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran )
ر. پهلوان ² ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran )
ع. آقایی ³ ( Department of Management and Accounting, Farabi Compus University of Tehran, Qom, Iran )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/08/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/11

کلید واژه: Economic, milk composition, blood metabolite, organic system,

چکیده مقاله :

In the past decade, a global demand for products from organic agriculture has increased rapidly. Milk quality is of major interest for all parties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare cow performance and product quality in conventional and organic system. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were allotted to one of 2 diet groups, which including: a conventional diet (CON), and an organic system with high forage (OHF). Multiparous cows (3rd and 4th parity) were randomly assigned to the treatments. Range forages were used as part of diets and cows were offered concentrate and silage two times a day. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were measured across 200 d. Furthermore, somatic cell count, feed cost and feed efficiency were determined at 20 day intervals. The milk yield was different for cows that treated with the OHF (22.5 kg/d) and CON (28.9 kg/d) systems, respectively. Body weights were not affected by treatments; however, differences in body condition scores (P<0.05) were observed. Although energy corrected milk, milk urea nitrogen, cortisol and β-hydroxybutyrate acid were higher in cows fed CON system; milk fat, phytanic acid, hippuric acid and profit to cost ratio were higher (P<0.05) in cows fed organic system. Additionally, lower feed efficiency, feed cost and blood urea nitrogen were observed in cows fed organic diets (P<0.05).

چکیده انگلیسی:

در دهه‌های گذشته، تقاضای جهانی برای تولیدات کشاورزی سبز به سرعت رو به افزایش است. کیفیت شیر یکی از علاقه‌های اصلی برای همه بخش‌ها می‌باشد. بنابراین، موضوع این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت شیر تولیدی در سیستم‌های رایج و سبز (ارگانیک) بوده است. 20 رأس گاو هلشتاین در دو گروه غذایی اختصاص یافته بودند که شامل جیره رایج (CON) و سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) با علوفه بالا (OHF) بود. گاوهای چند‌ شکم‌زا (شکم سوم و چهارم) به طور تصادفی در بین تیمارها قرار داده شد. علوفه مرتعی به عنوان بخشی از خوراک بکار گرفته شده بود، و به گاوها مواد متراکم و علوفه سیلویی دوبار در روز ارائه می‌شد. ماده خشک مصرفی و شیر تولیدی در طی 200 اول شیردهی روز اندازه‌گیری شد. بعلاوه، سلول‌های سوماتیک شیر، ارزش خوراک و کارایی خوراک هر 20 روز در میان تعیین گردید. تولید شیر بین گاوها متفاوت بود که به ترتیب برای تیمارOHF  دارای 5/22 کیلوگرم شیر در روز و تیمارCON  دارای 9/28 کیلوگرم شیر در روز بود. وزن بدن گاوها بین دو تیمار تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت؛ با این حال، تفاوت در نمره وضعیت بدنی قابل مشاهده بود (05/0P<). اگرچه انرژی تصحیح شده شیر، نیتروژن اوره ایی شیر، کورتیزول و اسید بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم رایج بالاتر بود؛ چربی شیر، اسید فیتانیک، هیپوریک اسید و نرخ سود به هزینه گاوهای تغذیه شده از سیستم سبز بالاتر شد (05/0P<). بعلاوه، کارایی خوراک، ارزش ریالی خوراک و نیتروژن اوره ایی خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) پایین تر مشاهده شد (05/0P<).

منابع و مأخذ:

Adler S.A., Jensen S.K., Govasmark E. and Steinshamn H. (2013). Effect of short term versus long term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 5793-5810.

AOAC. (1991). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Butler G., Stergiadis S., Seal C., Eyre M. and Leifert C. (2011). Fat composition of organic and conventional retail milk in northeast England. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 24-36.

Bystrom S., Jonsson S. and Martinsson K. (2002). Organic versus conventional dairy farming studies from the Ojebyn project. Pp. 179-184 in Proc. Orga. Res. Conf. Aberystwyth, UK.

Chaney A.L. and Marback E.P. (1962). Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin. Chem. 8, 130-132.

Ellis K.A., Innocent G., Grove-White D., Cripps P., McLean W.G., Howard C.V. and Mihm M. (2006). Comparing the fatty acid composition of organic and conventional milk. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 1938-1950.

Fall N., Grohn Y., Forslund K., Essen-Gustavsson B., Niskanen R. and Emanuelson U. (2008). An observational study on early lactation metabolic profiles in Swedish organically and conventionally managed dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 3983-3992.

Katharina G., Sigl T., Meyer H.H.D. and Wiedemann S. (2015). Cortisol levels in skimmed milk during the first 22 weeks of lactation and response to short-term metabolic stress and lameness in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 6, 31-38.

Khadem A.A., Sharifi M., Afzalzadeh A. and Rezaeian M. (2009). Effects of alfalfa hay or barley flour mixed alfalfa silage contained diets on feeding behavior, productivity, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of lactating cows. Anim. Sci. J. 80, 403-410.

Kuhnen S., Stibuski R.B., Honorato L.A. and Machado Filho L.C.P. (2015). Farm management in organic and conventional dairy production systems based on pasture in Southern Brazil and its consequences on production and milk quality. Anim. 5, 479-494.

Larsen M.K., Nielsen J.H., Butler G., Leifert C., Slots T., Kristiansen G.H. and Gustafsson A.H. (2010). Milk quality as affected by feeding regimens in a country with climatic variation. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 2863-2873.

Littell R.C., Henry P.R. and Ammerman C.B. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 1216-1231.

Michalickova M., Krupova Z. and Krupa E. (2014). Determination of economic efficiency in dairy cattle and sheep. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 47, 39-50.

Mullen K.A.E., Dings E.H.A., Kearns R.R. and Washburn S.P. (2015). A comparison of production, reproduction and animal health for pastured dairy cows managed either conventionally or with use of organic principles. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31, 167-174.

Muller U. and Sauerwein H. (2010). A comparison of somatic cell count between organic and conventional dairy cow herds in West Germany stressing dry period related changes. Live. Sci. 127, 30-37.

Prandini A., Sigolo S. and Piva G. (2009). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and fatty acid composition of milk, curd and Grana Padano cheese in conventional and organic farming systems. J. Dairy Res. 76, 278-282.

Roesch M., Doherr M.G. and Blum J.W. (2005). Performance of dairy cows on Swiss farms with organic and integrated production. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2462-2475.

SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Sharifi M., Hosseinkhani A., Sofizade M. and Mosavi J. (2016a). Effects of fat supplementation and chop length on milk composition and ruminal fermentation of cows fed diets containing Alfalfa silage. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 6, 293-301.

Sharifi M., Khadem A.A., Heins B.J., Pahlavan R. and Safdari M. (2015). The effect of weaning age on performance and economics of Holstein calves reared under organic farming system. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 5, 29-33.

Sharifi M., Taghizade A. and Hosseinkhani A. (2016b). Organic Production in Livestock. Education and Agricultural Promoti-on Press, Tehran, Iran.

Slots T., Butler G., Leifert C., Kristensen T., Skibsted L.H. and Nielsen J.H. (2009). Potentials to differentiate milk composition by different feeding strategies. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 2057-2066.

Stiglbauer K.E., Cicconi-Hogan K.M., Richert R., Schukken Y.H., Ruegg P.L. and Gamroth M. (2013). Assessment of herd management on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1290-1300.

Thomassen M.A., Van Calker K.J., Smits M.C.J., Iepema G.L. and De Boer I.J.M. (2008). Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic milk production in the Netherlands. Agric. Syst. 96, 95-107.

Trachsel P., Busato A. and Blum J.W. (2000). Body condition scores of dairy cattle in organic farms. J. Anim. Physiol. Nutr. 84, 112-124.

Werner L.B., Hellgren L.I., Raff M., Jensen S.K., Petersen R.A., Drachmann T. and Tholstrup T. (2011). Effect of dairy fat on plasma phytanic acid in healthy volunteers a randomized controlled study. Lipids. Health. Disease. J. 10, 95-102.