Methods of Embryo Sexing in Cattle Breeding: A Review
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
و. ساچان
1
(Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India)
ب. کومار
2
(Department of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India)
جی. کومار آگراوال
3
(Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India)
آ. کومار
4
(Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India)
آ. ساکسنا
5
(Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India)
کلید واژه: PCR, embryo sexing, fluorescent in situ hybridization, karyotyping, loop,
چکیده مقاله :
Different livestock sectors as beef industries get benefit from the production of male animals while dairy industries get benefit from the milk production by the female animals. Therefore, it is obvious need to produce the animals of desired sex which can be achieved by predetermining the sex of conceptus at the time of conception i.e. pre determination of sex may be of great economic importance. Control of the sex ratio by sex prediction of the of pre implanted embryo would be beneficial not only in relation to the aspect of management, production and breeding programmes of livestock but also in diagnosing the genetic disorders at prenatal stage. Pre-implantation sexing of embryos not only improves efficiency of embryo transfer but also facilitate the transfer of embryos of desired sex. Sex-sorted sperm is a one of the technique fulfilling the requirement but it is well expensive and less efficient. Another concept of getting genetically improved animals of desired sex is embryo sexing. Embryo sexing has great potential to maximize the efficiency of dairy production through controlling the sex ratio of domestic species. There are many methods to determine the sex of embryo categorized as invasive and non-invasive techniques with varying efficiency and merits.
بخش‌های مختلف پرورش چارپایان اهلی همانند صنایع گوشتی از تولید حیوانات نر سود می‌برند، اگرچه صنایع لبنی از تولید شیر توسط حیوانات ماده سود می‌برد. بنابراین، نیاز به تولید حیوانات دارای جنس مطلوب مورد نیاز است، اگرچه می‌تواند توسط پیش تعیین جنسیت جنین در رحم در زمان آبستنی انجام شود، بدین معنی که پیش‌تعیین جنسیت ممکن است از اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی برخوردار باشد. کنترل نسبت جنسیت توسط پیش‌بینی جنسی رویان پیش از لانه‌گزینی سودمند خواهد بود، نه تنها در رابطه با جنبه مدیریتی، تولید و برنامه‌های پرورشی چارپایان اهلی، بلکه همچنین در تشخیص ناهنجاری‌های ژنتیکی در مرحله قبل از تولد. تعیین جنسیت پیش از لانه‌گزینی رویان‌ها نه تنها کارایی انتقال جنین را بهبود می‌دهد، بلکه همچنین انتقال جنین‌های با جنسیت مطلوب را تسهیل می‌کند. اسپرم طبقه‌بندی شده جنسی یکی از تکنیک‌های است که این نیاز را برآورده می‌کند اما بسیار گران و با کارایی کمتر است. مفهومی دیگر از حیوانات بهبود یافته ژنتیکی با جنس مطللوب تعیین جنسیت جنین است. تعیین جنسیت جنین پتانسیل بالایی برای حداکثر‌سازی بهره‌وری تولید لبنی از طریق کنترل نسبت جنسیت گونه‌های اهلی دارد. روش‌های بسیاری برای تعیین جنس جنین دسته‌بندی شده به عنوان تکنیک‌های تهاجمی و غیر تهاجمی با کارایی و شایستگی‌های متنوع وجود دارند.
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