تحلیل تاثیر دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت در محلات شهر سبزوار
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی
سعید حسین آبادی
1
(استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری- دانشگاه بزرگمهر قائنات، قائن ، ایران.)
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, احساس امنیت, شهر سبزوار, دلبستگی مکانی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مهمترین شاخصهای کیفیت زندگی شهری ، میزان احساس امنیت در محیط سکونتی است.احساس امنیت در یک محله مسکونی تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی است که از آنجمله می‌توان به دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی اشاره نمود. دلبستگی مکانی سبب می‌گردد افراد، نسبت به اتفاقات رخ داده در مکان زندگی خود بی‌تفاوت نبوده و به این ترتیب نظارت و مراقبت بیشتری از اجتماع و همسایگانشان ایجاد نموده که این امر می‌تواند به امنیت بیشتر منجر شود. از سوی دیگر تعلق مکانی با تاثیرگذاری بر سرمایه اجتماعی و با میانجیگری آن می‌تواند احساس امنیت را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر تعلق مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت در محلات شهر سبزوار پرداخته است. این تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی می‌باشد و برای جمع‌آوری داده های میدانی از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه 384 نفر با استفاده از روش کوکران بدست آمد. روش تحلیل داده ها نیز آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون ، آزمون سوبل و الگویابی معادلات ساختاری است. در این تحقیق ابتدا تاثیر دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت به صورت مستقیم بررسی شده و سپس تاثیر دلبستگی مکانی بر احساس امنیت با میانجیگری سرمایه اجتماعی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی هر دو تاثیر معنادار بر احساس امنیت دارند. علاوه بر این دلبستگی مکانی به طور معناداری تغییرات سرمایه اجتماعی را پیش‌بینی می‌کند و به طور غیر مستقیم و از طریق سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت تاثیر می‌گذارد.
References Abbaszadeh, M., Alizadehaghdam, M., Eslamibanab, S. (2012). A Studying the Relations Between Social Capital and Social Anomy. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 1(1), 145-172. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2012.36551
Afshar Kohan,Javad, Rahighi Yazdi Mohammad(2013) the effect of environmental factors on neighborhood residents' feeling of security (case study: selected neighborhoods in the city of yazd). journal: urban studies fall 2013 , volume 3 , number 8; page(s) 59 to 78.
Austin, D. M., Furr, L. A., & Spine, M. (2002). The effects of neighborhood conditions on perceptions of safety. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(5), 417–427.
Bahripour, A., Zolfaghari, A., Rastegarkhaled, A. (2012). A Study of the Relationship between Social Capital and Feeling of Social Security in the City of Kashan. Strategic Rssearch on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 1(4), 89-109.
Barati, N., Yazdan Panah Shah Abadi, M. (2016). Evaluation of Social Capital as a Key Factor in Improving the Quality of Life in a New City, Case Study: Pardis New City. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 8(15), 289-299.
Brocato,E,D.(2006) Place attachment: an investigation of environments and outcomes in a service context. Dissertation Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy the university of Texas at Arlington.
Brown, B. B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2004). Incivilities, place attachment and crime: Block and individual effects. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3).
Brown,B., Perkins, D.& Brown,G.(2003). Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: Individual and block levels of analysis, Journal o Environmental Psychology 23 (2003) 259–271.
Dallago ,L., Perkins ,DD., Santinello ,M., Boyce,W., Molcho,M., Morgan,A.(2009), Adolescent Place Attachment, Social Capital, and Perceived Safety: A Comparison of 13 Countries, Am J Community Psychol (2009) 44:148–160
Dehghani, H., Hashemianfar, A., Akbarzadeh, F. (2013). The Impact of Religiosity and Mass Media on Students' Sense of Social Security. Strategic Rssearch on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 2(1), 53-72.
Doostar, M., Mombeini, Y., Goodarzi, M. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Changes with an Emphasis on the Mediating Role of Political Intelligence. Quarterly Journal of Public Organzations Management, 4(3), 85-104.
Fisher, C. C. Sonn, & B. J. Bishop (Eds.), Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications (pp. 291–318) New York: Kluwer/Plenum
. Foxton, F.,& Jones, R. (2011). Social Capital Indicators Review. UK,London: Office for National Statistics. the National Achieves. Kew. TW9 4DU..
Haghighatian, M., Heidarkhani, H. (2014). An Analysis of the relationship between the dimensions of social capital and Residents' view on urban development (Case of study: city of Kermanshah). Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 5(20), 67-88.
Hanibuchi et al(2012)Does walkable mean sociable? Neighborhood determinants of social capital among older adults in Japan, Health & Place 18 (2012) 229–239.
Hashemianfar Seyyed Ali, Emami Parirokh, Zarandi Marjan, Ataee Pari(2013) the effects of social capital on the sense of security among the residents of apartment complexes in the city of esfahan. urban studies fall 2013 , volume 3 , number 8; page(s) 163 to 182.
Hossein Abadi,S.,&Zanganeh,Y.,(2018) The Impact of Awareness of Urban Law on Active Citizenship(Case Study: Sabzevar). Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development Vol.4, No.2 .
J. Kruger, Daniel, Hutchison, Peter, Matthew G. Monroe, Thomas Reischl, and Susan Morrel-Samuels(2007) assault injury rates, social capital, and fear of neighborhood crime, journal of community psychology, vol. 35, no. 4, 483–498.
Jelly, Sarah Elizabeth(2013)A study of place attachment.University of Wollong Thesis Collection.
Kan, Kamhon(2007) Residential mobility and social capital, Journal of Urban Economics 61 (2007) 436–457.
Kaviani Rad ,M., and Azizi Kave A.,(2011) the role of place identity in the incidence of political action case study: Engelab square and street of Tehran city. journal of geographical sciences.17(20), 151 - 167.
Kawachi, I., Takao, S.,& Subramanian(2013) Global Perspectives on Social Capital and Health, Springer Publication.
Kawachi, Ichiro., Subramanian, S.V., Kim, D. (Eds.)(2008) Social capital and health, Springer, New York.
Kyle, G., Graefe, A., Manning, R., & Bacon, J. (2004). Effects of place attachment o users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 213–224
LaGrange, R. L., Ferraro, K. F., & Supancic, M. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime: Role of social and physical incivilities Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29,311–334.
Lappegard, Hauge, Ashild(2008)Identity and place: a critical comparison of three
Lin,Nan, Cook , Karen, S. Burt Ronald(2001)Social capital, theory and research, Transaction Publication, New Brunswick, New jersey.
Long, D. A., & Perkins, D. D. (2007). Community social and place predictors of sense of community: A multilevel and longitudinal analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 563–581.
M. Ferguson, Kristin, H. Mindel, Charles(2006) Modeling Fear of Crime in Dallas Neighborhoods:A Test of Social Capital Theory, CRIME & DELINQUENCY, Vol. 49 No. X, Month 2006 1-27.
M. Raymond, Christopher.Brown,Gregory.,Delene,Weber(2010) The Measurement of Place Attachment: Personal, Community, and Environmental Connections. Journal of Environmental Psychology 30(4) .422-434.
Migliorini ,Laura, Nadia Rania , Paola Cardinali & Mara Manetti(2008) Sense of safety and the urban environment: A study of preadolescents and adolescent, Medio Ambiente y Comportamiento Humano,2008, 9(1y2), 69-89.
Mihaylov Nikolay & D. Perkins, Douglas(2011) Community Place Attachment and its Role in Social Capital Development.
Mirzaei ,Hossein; Esmaeel Hasanvand (2013)Reviewing the Relationship between Social Capital and Sense of Social Security (Comparative Study of Central Village of Selseleh and Aleshtar city). Article 6, Volume 1391, Issue 32, Winter 2013, Page 133-155
Navidnia, M. (2003). Introduction to social security. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 6(19), 55-78.
Noghani M, Asgharpour Masouleh A. Comparative Analysis of the Approaches and Indicators that are Used in the Assessment of Social Capital. Journal of Management and Development Process. 2008; 21 (2 and 69) :32-55
Payton ,Michelle (2003), Influence of Place Attachment and Social Capital on Civic Action: A Study at Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge, master’s thesis of Natural Resources Science and Management Program, University of Minnesota, June 2003
Perkins, D. D., & Long, D. A. (2002). Neighborhood sense of community and social capital: A multi-level analysis. A chapter from book : Psychological Sense of Community: Research, Applications, and Implications (pp.291-318)
Piran P, Moosavi M, Shiani M. (2007).Conceptual Framework and Conceptualization of Social Capital. Social Welfare. 2007; 6 (23) :9-44.
Pourahamd, A., Eyvazlu, M., Hamed, M., Eyvazlu, D., Rezaei, F. (2012). An Investigation of the Relationship between Religiosity and Sense of Security in Urban and Rural Areas , Case Study: Koohdasht County. Strategic Rssearch on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 1(1), 1-20.
Proshansky, H.M., & Fabian, A.K., (1987). The development of place-identity in the child. In C. S. Weinstein & T.G. David (Eds.), Spaces for Children (pp 21-40), New York: Plenum.
R. Williams,Daniel& W. Roggenbuck (1989) Measuring Place Attachment: Some Preliminary Results. Paper Presented at the Session on Outdoor Planning and Management NRPA Symposium on Leisure Research San Antonio, Texas October 20-22, 1989
Rabbani, R.,Abbaszadeh, M., Abbaszadeh, M, Molaie Kermani, B., Eslami Bonab, R. (2013). A Sociological Study of the Impact of Social Capital on Women's Feeling of Insecurity Using Amos Graphics (Research subjects: Female Students of University of Isfahan). Strategic Rssearch on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 2(1), 25-52.
Raudenbush, S. W. (2003). The quantitative assessment of neighborhood social environments. In I. Kawachi & L. F. Berkman (Eds.), Neighborhoods and health (pp. 112–131). New York,NY: Oxford University Press.
Rezvan A, Fathi M. Factors Related to Insecurity Feeling. Social Welfare. 2012; 12 (45) :451-479.
Rollero,C and Piccoli(2010) Does place attachment affect social well-being? Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée 60 (2010) 233–238.
Seifoddini, F., Eyvazloo, D., Eyvazloo, M., Rika, J. (2013). The Impacts of Social Capital on the Sense of Security (Case study: Koohdasht County). , 1(1), 89-112.
Shiani M, Mousavi M. Analyzing the Social Capital Status in Kerman City. Social Welfare. 2011; 11 (41) .:93-122
Temkin,Kenneth and M.Rohe, William(1998) Social Capital and Neighborhood Stability: An Empirical Investigation, Housing Policy Debate • Volume 9, Issue 1,pp:61-88.
Vieno,Alessio Nation Muury Douglas, Perkins and Pastore , Massimiliono (2010) Social capital, safety concerns, parenting, and early adolescents’ antisocial behavior. Community Psychology. Volume 38, Issue 3, pages 314–328, April 2010.
Warin, M., Baum, F., Kalucy, E., Murray, C., & Veale, B. (2000). The health centers in Australia. Social Science and Medicine, 50,1863–1875.,power of place: space and time in women’s and community.
Zare,Hossein&Amini,Fatemeh.(2016)The study of structural relationship among forgiveness, life satisfaction and general health in students. Social cognition journal,5(1).
