Hypericum perforatum and probiotic effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان داروییمصطفی بنی شریف 1 , فرشید خیری 2 , سید محمدعلی جلالی 3
1 - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch,
Shahrekord, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch,
Shahrekord, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch,
Shahrekord, Iran
کلید واژه: Protexin, Performance, Hypericum Perforatum, Intestinal morphology, Japanese quails,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim:Hypericum perforatum L. is native to Iran. This herb is one of the most important medicinal plants and had many medical effects.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Hypericum perforatum and protexin on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology Japanese quails. Experimental: A total of 240 ten days old quails were divided into eight treatments with three replicates as factorial randomized design. The treatments were divided as basal diet with no protexin and Hypericum perforatum kept as control, and 0.2% (H1), 0.4% (H2) and 0.6 % (H3) Hypericum perforatum with 0.02 % or without protexin as P0 and P1 were used respectively. The live body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of quails were calculated weekly. At the end of the trial two birds (male) form each replicates were slaughtered and dressing percentage were calculated and some carcass traits were weighed separately as percentage of carcass weight. Results: Data indicated that using of protexin and Hypericum perforatum increased feed intake (FI) in treatments compared to control group. Also body weight (BW) (g/d) and Pre-slaughter weight (g) were higher in protexin and Hypericum perforatum compared to the control. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) for feed conversation ratio (FCR) among treatments. Recommended applications/industries: Considering that body weight gain of Japanese quails can improve by increasing the level of Hypericum perforatum in diet, this herb is recommended for industrial poultry farm.
خلاصه و هدف: گل راعی گیاه بومی ایران است. این گیاه یکی از مهمترین گیاهان با تاثیرات متنوع دارویی می باشد. این آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تغذیه گل راعی و پروتکسن روی عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و مورفولوژی روده بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام شد. روش تحقیق : آزمایشی با240 قطعه جوجه ده روزه بلدرچین ژاپنی باهشت تیمار وسه تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. تیمارها به تیمار شاهد (بدون پروتکسین وگل راعی)،2/0درصد( (h14/0درصد(h2)و 6/0 درصد(h3) با پروتکسین (p1) و بدون پروتکسین (po) استفاده شد. وزن زنده ،مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراکی در هر هفته اندازه گیری شد. در پایان آزمایش دو بلدرچین (نر) از هر تکرار کشتار و صفات لاشه به صورت مجزا محاسبه شد. نتایج: داده ها نشان داد استفاده از گل راعی و پروتکسین نسبت به تیمار شاهد مصرف خوراک اقزایش یافت. همچنین وزن بدن و وزن لاشه در تیماری که گل راعی وپروتکسین استفاده کرده بودند بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. ضریب تبدیل غذایی بین تیمارها تفاوت معنی داری(05/0>P) نداشت. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی : بررسی ها نشان داد با افزودن سطوح متفاوت گل راعی به جیره غذایی وزن بدن بادرچین ژاپنی افزایش یافت، که این گیاه دارویی را می توان برای این صنعت توصیه نمود.
Abourashed, E., El-Alfy, A., Khan, I. and Walker, L. 2003. "Hypericum perforatum in perspective a current review". Phytother Res, 17 (7): 703–12.
AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. AOAC Press, Gaithersburg, USA.
Balevi, T., Ucan, U., Cosun, B., Kurtogu, V. and Cetingul, I. 2001. Effect of dietary probiotic on performance and humoral immune response in layer hens. British Poultry Science, 42: 456-61.
Duncan DB. 1955. Multiple range test and F-test. Biometrics, 11:1- 42.
Benedi, J., R. Arroyo, C., Romeo, Martin S. and Villar, A.M., 2004. Antioxidant properties and protective effects of a standardized extract of Hypericum perforatum on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Life Science, 75: 1263-1276.
Burger A., Wachter H.1998. Hunnius, Pharmaceutical Dictionary. 8th Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
Cyberhorse, 1999. International Animal Health Products.The Australian Company ACN 003 185 699, Australia. http://www.cyberhorse.net.au/an/protexin.htm.
Franklin, M., Reed, A. and Murck, H. 2004. Sub- chronic treatment with an extract of hypericumperforatum significantly reduces cartisol and corticosterone in the rat brain. European Neuropsyeha pharmacology, 14: 7-10.
Feizi, A., and Nazeri, M. 2011.Evaluation the effect of Hypericum perforatumdried extract on antibody titer obtained from Newcastle vaccine in broiler chicks. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 1261-1265.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Fatahi, M., Craker, L. and Shirmardi, H. 2013. Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils of Hypericum helianthemoides, Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum scabrum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(2), 175-181.
Jacobson, J.M., Feinman, L., Liebes, L., Ostrow, N., Koslowski, V., Tobia, A., Cabana, B.E., Lee, D.H., Sprizler, J. and Prince, A.M. 2001. Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antiviral Effects of Hypericin, a Deivative of St. John's Wort Plant, in Patients with chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. American Society for Microbiology, 45(2): 517-524.
Jamroz, D., Orda, J., Kamel, C., Williczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T. and Skorupin’Ska, J. 2003. The influence of phytogenic extract on performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristic and gut microbial Status in broiler Chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 12(3), PP. 583-596.
Janssen, A.M. 1989. Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils: A Pharmacognostical Study. Dissertation, Rijksuniversiteit t e Leiden.
Jin, L.Z., Ho, Y.W., Abdullah, N. and Jalaludin, S. 1997. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. World's Poultry Science Journal, 53: 351-368.
Helgason, C.M., Wiesler, J.L., Frank, D.R., Johnson, M. Frank G. and Hendricks, S.E. 2000. The effect of st. John's wort on NK cell activity in vitro, Immunopharmacology, pp: 274-251.
Hostanska, K., Reichling, J., Bommer, S., Weber M. and Reinhard, S. 2003. Hyperforin a constituent of st John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) extract induces apoptosis by triggering activation of cases and with hypericin synergistically exerts cytotoxicity towards human malignant cell lines, European, J. of Pharmaceutics An Biopharmaceutics, 56: 121-132.
Kalbane, V.H., Gaffar M.A. and Deshmukh, S.V. 1992. Effect of probiotic and nitrofurin on performance of growing commercial pullets. Indian J. Poult. Sci., 27: 116-117.
Kavyani, A., Farivar, F., Mokhtari Karchegani, S. and Landy, N. 2012. Efficiency of a multi-strain probiotic (Protexin) on performance and carcass traits in broiler chicks. International Conference on Life Science and Engineering. IPCBEE, vol. V45. 23.
Kheiri, F., Rahimian Y. and Rafiee, A. 2014. Effect of Heracleum persicum extract on performance and some hematological parameters in broiler chicks. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4(9): 522-525.
Landy, N., Ghalamkari, G. H. and Toghyani, M. 2012. Evaluation of St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics, some of the immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. J. Med Plants Res, 6:510–515.
Mayahi, M. and Bouzarghmehrifard, M.H. 2000. The effect of infectious Bursal disease virus and cyclophosphamide on immune respone against Newcastle disease vaccination in broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 70: 8-10.
Mennini, T. and M. Gobbi. 2004. The antidepressant mechanism of Hypericum perforatum. Life Science, 75: 1021-1027.
Meruelo, D., Lavie, G. and Lavie, D. 1988. Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic dioneshypericin and pseudohypericin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 85: 5230-5234.
NRC, National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Rev. Ed., Washington, DC. National Academy Press.
Re, L., Corneli, C., Sturani, E., Paolucci, G., Rossini, F., Leon, O.S., Martinez, G., Bordicchia M. and Tomassetti. Q. 2003. Effects of Hypericum extract on the acetylcholine release: a loose patch clamp approach. Pharmacological Research, 48: 55-60.
Rezaian, M. 2006. Modification of fixation process in avian histologic sections, J. Histotechnol, 29, 123–127.
Shang, R., Cheng He, J., Chen, X.P., Yu, L., Lanying, H., Ling, W., and Jianping, L. 2012. Hypericum perforatum extract therapy for chickens experimentally infected with infectious bursal disease virus and its influence on immunity. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research,76:180–185.
Sarica, S., Ciftci, A., Demir, E., Kilinc, K. and Yildirim, Y., 2005. Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci, 35, 61-72.
SAS Institute, SAS/STAT User’s Guide for Personal Computer. 2001. Release 6.12 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C., USA.
Shabani, R., Nosrati, M., Javandel, F., AlawGothbi, A.A. and Kioumarsi, H. 2012. The effect of probiotics on growth performance of broilers. Annals of Biological Research, 3 (12), PP. 5450-5452.
Tortuero, F. 1973. Influence of the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fat syndrome and intestinal flora. Poultry Science, 52: 197-203.
Vali, N. 2009. Probiotic in quail nutrition: A Review. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(12): 1218-22.
