Six months chronic toxicity of Dryopteris filix –mas (L.) Schott ethanol leaf extract on Wistar rats
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان دارویی
ارنست اریهیه
1
,
امانوئل ایلودیگوه
2
1 - گروه فارماکولوژی و سم شناسی، دانشکده علوم دارویی، دانشگاه Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu، Igbariam، نیجریه.
2 - گروه فارماکولوژی و سم شناسی، دانشکده علوم دارویی، دانشگاه Nnamdi Azikiwe، Awka، ایالت آنامبرا، نیجریه.
کلید واژه: Nephrotoxicity, Dryopteris filix-mas, 6 months, Chronic toxicity, Reversibility,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: Dryopteris filix-mas (D. filix-mas) is used among the Southern Nigerian populace in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of wounds, worm infestations, among other diseases. We evaluated the 6 months chronic exposure effects of its ethanol leaf extract in Wistar rat.Experimental: A total of 48 rats were randomized into four groups of 12 each as follows; group A (control) and the test groups B-D received 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg of the leaf extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected via retro-orbital puncture for baseline determination of haematological and biochemical parameters. Thereafter, rats were dosed orally (p.o) for 180 days (6 months) and blood samples were collected for the determination of haematological, biochemical parameters on the 181st day. Liver and kidneys were harvested for histopathology analyses. A 28 - day recovery study was also conducted to determine reversibility in toxicological effects.Results: There was no significant alteration (P>0.05) in heamatological, lipid profile and electrolyte parameters as well as body weight gain and relative organ weights of animals that were exposed to the extract when compared with control group. However, there was significant (P<0.005) reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as elevation in urea and creatinine levels of extract treated groups. Histological sections did not reveal toxicity of liver architecture on day 181st, except dose dependent kidney toxicity, which was reversed following the recovery study.Recommended applications/industries: The leaf extract of Dryopteris filix-mas may be nephrotoxic following 6 months exposure.
Background & Aim: Dryopteris filix-mas (D. filix-mas) is used among the Southern Nigerian populace in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of wounds, worm infestations, among other diseases. We evaluated the 6 months chronic exposure effects of its ethanol leaf extract in Wistar rat.Experimental: A total of 48 rats were randomized into four groups of 12 each as follows; group A (control) and the test groups B-D received 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg of the leaf extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected via retro-orbital puncture for baseline determination of haematological and biochemical parameters. Thereafter, rats were dosed orally (p.o) for 180 days (6 months) and blood samples were collected for the determination of haematological, biochemical parameters on the 181st day. Liver and kidneys were harvested for histopathology analyses. A 28 - day recovery study was also conducted to determine reversibility in toxicological effects.Results: There was no significant alteration (P>0.05) in heamatological, lipid profile and electrolyte parameters as well as body weight gain and relative organ weights of animals that were exposed to the extract when compared with control group. However, there was significant (P<0.005) reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as elevation in urea and creatinine levels of extract treated groups. Histological sections did not reveal toxicity of liver architecture on day 181st, except dose dependent kidney toxicity, which was reversed following the recovery study.Recommended applications/industries: The leaf extract of Dryopteris filix-mas may be nephrotoxic following 6 months exposure.
Bafor, E.E., Omokaro, W.O., Uwumarongie, O.H., Elvis-Offiah, U.B., Omoruyi, O, Viegelmann, C.V. and Edrada-Ebel, R. 2017. D. filix-mas (Dryopteridaceae) leaves inhibit mouse uterine activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development, 1(1):1 -12.
Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble, M. 2002. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Pp. 16-64.
Chikezie, P.C., Ibegbulem, C.O. and Mbagwu, F.N. 2015. Medicinal potentials and toxicity concerns of bioactive principles. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 4 (3):1-15.
Erhirhie E.O., Ezemokwe O.N. and Ilodigwe E.E. 2018. Teratogenic effects of ethanol leaf extract of Dryopteris filix –mas (L.) Schott. Algerian Journal of Natural Products, 6:(1)573-583.
Erhirhie, E.O.,Ilodigwe, E.E. 2019. Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of Dryopteris filix –mas (L.) Schott, leaf extract in albino rats. Brazelian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55: 1-14.
Eweka, A.O. and Enogieru, A. 2011. Effects of oral administration of Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract on the kidney of adult Wistar rats- A histological study. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8(3):307- 311.
Goodman, L., Gilman, A., Brunton, L., Lazo, J. and Parker, K. 2006. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1743- 1745.
Irina, V.K and Konstantin, N.Y. 2017. Cellular mechanisms of liver regeneration and cell-based therapies of liver diseases. Hindawi BioMed Research International, 2017: Article ID 8910821, 17 pages.
Jacobs, A. C. and Hatfield, K. P. 2012. History of chronic toxicity and animal carcinogenicity studies for pharmaceuticals. Veterinary Pathology, 50(2): 324-333.
Jaijoy, K., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Lertprasertsuke, N., Panthong, A., and Sireeratawong, S. 2010. Acute and chronic oral toxicity of standardized water extract from the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 3:48–58.
Kristine, P.K. 2010. Tissue repair. The hidden drama. Organogenesis, 6(4): 225-233.
Laudato, M., and Capasso, R. 2013. Useful plants for animal therapy. OA Alternative Medicine, 1(1):1-6.
Lee, J.C., Hou, M.F., Huang, H.W., Chang, F.R., Yeh, C.C. Tang, J.Y. and Chang, H.W. 2013. Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Cancer Cell International, 13 (1):13-55.
Mandal, A. and Mondal, A.K. 2011. Studies on antimicrobial activities of some selected ferns and lycophytes in Eastern India with special emphasis on ethno-medicinal uses. African Journal of Plant Science, 5(7): 412-420.
Moke, E.G., Ilodigwe, E.E., and Erhirhie, E.O. 2015. Evaluation of the ulcerogenic potential of the aqueous extract of Spondias mombin and Custusafer. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 4(2): 282-286.
Muhammad, K., Mohd, S.M., Pinaki, S., Moklesur, R.S., Arindam, D. and Sreemoy, K.D. 2015. Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. in BALB/c mice. Spondiasmombinand Custusafer Journal of Acute Disease, 4(4): 309–315.
Nwosu, M.O. 2002. Ethnobotanical studies on some pteridophytes of Southern Nigeria,
Economic Botany, 56 (3): 255–259.
Obi, H.1., Ilodigwe, E.E., Ajaghaku, D.L., and Okonta, J.M. 2012. An evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of a Nigerian polyherbal antidiabetic remedy. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 3(9): 3131-3135.
Obidike, I.C. and Salawu, O. 2013. Screening of herbal medicines for potential toxicities. In: New Insights into toxicity and drug testing. IntechOpen. Doi: 10.5772/54493.
Olivoto, T., Maicon, N., Ivan, R.C., Diego, N.F., Vinícius, J.S., Mauricio, F., Alan, J.P. and Velci, Q.S. 2017. Plant secondary metabolites and its dynamical systems of induction in response to environmental factors: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12 (2).71-84.
Otunola, G.A. and Afolayan, A.J. 2017. Assessment of oral safety profile of aqueous extract blend of three medicinal spices in Wistar rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16 (1): 91-99.
Parasuraman, S. 2011. Toxicological screening. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2(2): 74–79.
Saganuwan, S.A. 2016. Toxicity study of drugs and chemicals in animals: An overview. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 20: 291-318.
Sekendar, A.M., Mostafa, K., Raihan, M.O., Rahman, M.K., Hossain, M.A. and Alam, M.S. 2012. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extract of D. filix-mas (L.) Schott leaves‖, International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 4(2): 223-229.
Shukla, S. and Tiwari, S.K. 2011. Insecticidal activity of D. filix-mas (Linn.) Schott ethanolic extract against Corcyra cephalonicaStaint. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Biopesticides, 4(2): 138- 143.
Tagarelli, G., Tagarelli, A. and Piro, A. 2010. Folk medicine used to heal malaria in Calabria (southern Italy). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 6 (27): 1-16.
Uma, M., Suresha, M., Thulasiramana, K., Lakshmidevib, E. and Kalaiselvi, P. 2013. Chronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Indian traditional medicinal plant Ocimum tenuiflorum (Linn.) in rats. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(5):240-247.
Uma, M., Suresha, M., Thulasiramana, K., Lakshmidevib, E. and Kalaiselvi, P. 2013. Chronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Indian traditional medicinal plant Ocimum tenuiflorum (Linn.) in rats. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(5):240-247.
Urban, J., Tauchen, J., Langrova, I. and Kokoska L. 2014. In vitro motility inhibition effect of Czech medicinal plant extracts on Chabertiaovina adults. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(2): 3293-3302.
Uwumarongie, H.O., Enike, M.A. and Bafor, E.E. 2016. Pharmacognostic evaluation and gastrointestinal activity of D. filix-mas (L.) schott (Dryopteridaceae). Ewemen Journal of Herbal Chemistry & Pharmacology Research, 2(1): 19 – 25.
Valentyna, M., Iryna, T., Tetyana, D. and Larysa, M. 2017. A review of the medicinal ferns of Ukraine. Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica, 4 (1): 46-62.
