Phytochemical determination and LCMS analysis of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of Pavonia senegalensis (cav.) Liestner (Malvaceae)
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان دارویی
Umar Faruk Shehu
1
(Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria;)
Abdulmumin Zayd Abubakar
2
(Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria;)
Salisu Shehu
3
(Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria;)
Salisu Awwalu
4
(Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria;)
کلید واژه: Screening, Flavonoids, Chromatography, saponins, Glycosides,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: The leaves of Pavonia senegalensis are used in African traditional medicine in the treatment of wounds and bone infection. The aim of this study is to quantify the phytochemical constituents and establish the LCMS profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of P. senegalensis which can be used in the authentication, standardization and quality control of herbal products labelled as the leaves of P. senegalensisExperimental: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract were carried out using standard methods. LCMS analysis was carried out for identification of phytochemical compounds in the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of the plant.Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of P. senegalensis showed the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and steroids/triterpenes (saponins). The quantitative phtytochemical determination per gram of the plant extract revealed total phenolics 152.5 mg/g, flavonoids 133.4 mg/g, tannins 24.50 mg/g and saponins 81.9 mg/g. Eight compounds were tentatively identified from the LCMS analysis of the plant extract which included the flavonoid glycosides: kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, daidzein O-di-hexosidemalonylated, kaempferol hexose glucuronide, malvidin 3-O-glucoside and Dihexosyl luteolin sulfate; and the saponin Oleanolic acid 3-O-glucose acid.Recommended applications/industries: The results of this study can be used in the identification process and help in quality control for authentication and detection of adulteration of herbal medicines labelled as P. senegalensis.
Background & Aim: The leaves of Pavonia senegalensis are used in African traditional medicine in the treatment of wounds and bone infection. The aim of this study is to quantify the phytochemical constituents and establish the LCMS profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of P. senegalensis which can be used in the authentication, standardization and quality control of herbal products labelled as the leaves of P. senegalensisExperimental: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract were carried out using standard methods. LCMS analysis was carried out for identification of phytochemical compounds in the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of the plant.Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of P. senegalensis showed the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) and steroids/triterpenes (saponins). The quantitative phtytochemical determination per gram of the plant extract revealed total phenolics 152.5 mg/g, flavonoids 133.4 mg/g, tannins 24.50 mg/g and saponins 81.9 mg/g. Eight compounds were tentatively identified from the LCMS analysis of the plant extract which included the flavonoid glycosides: kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, daidzein O-di-hexosidemalonylated, kaempferol hexose glucuronide, malvidin 3-O-glucoside and Dihexosyl luteolin sulfate; and the saponin Oleanolic acid 3-O-glucose acid.Recommended applications/industries: The results of this study can be used in the identification process and help in quality control for authentication and detection of adulteration of herbal medicines labelled as P. senegalensis.
Adebisi, I. M. and Alebiosu, O. C. 2014. A Survey of herbal abortificents and contraceptives in Sokoto, North West Nigeria. International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(7): 81-87.
Butler, M.S. 2004. The role of natural product chemistry in drug discovery. Journal of Natural Products, 67: 2141–2153.
Cavaliere, C., Cucci, F., Foglia, P., Guarino, C., Samperi, R. and Lagana, A. 2007. Flavonoid profile in soybeans by high performance liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 21(14): 2177-2187.
Edgar, J. A. and Molyneux, R. J. 2016. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Comprehensive Natural Products II: Chemistry and Biology, 6: 233-274.
Fu, P. P., Chiang, H. H. Xia, Q. Chen, T., Chen, B.H. and Yin, J. 2009. Quality assurance and safety of herbal dietary supplements. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, 27 (2): 91–119.
Hanhineva, K., Rogachev, I., Kokko, H., Mintz-Oron, S., Venger, I, Karenlampi, S. and Aharoni, A. 2008. Non-targeted analysis of spatial metabolite composition in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa) flowers. Phytochemistry, 69(13): 2463-81.
Heywood, V. 1979. Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford: Andromeda Oxford Ltd.
Hong, Y.J, Tomas-Barberan, F.A, Kader, A.A. and Mitchell, A.E. 2006. The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(6): 2405-11.
Kankara, S. S., Ibrahim, M. H., Mustafa, M. and Go, R. 2015. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for traditional maternal healthcare in Katsina state, Nigeria. South African Journal of Botany, 165-175.
Kokate, C.K., Purohit, A.P. and Gokhale, S.B. 2016. Pharmacognosy 52nd edition. Nirali Prakashan. Shivaji Nagar. Pp. A.22-A.27.
Kumar, A. and Singh, P. 2015. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Vinca minor Linn: A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8): 642-648.
Ma, X., Liu, Q., Zhang, X., Wei, Y., Zhao, Y. and Gao, Y. 2019. Chemical composition and anticancer activity of Euphorbia kansui determined by LC-MS. Natural Product Communications, 14(1): 1-6.
Madl, T., Sterk, H., Mittelbach, M. and Rechberger GN. 2006. Tandem mass spectroscopic analysis of a complex triterpene saponin mixture of Chenopodium quinoa. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 17(6): 795-806.
Makkar, H. P. S., Francis, G. and Becker, K. 2007. Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems. Animal, 1 (9): 1371-1391.
Matsuda, F., Suzuki, M. and Sawada, Y. 2009. Plant Science Center, RIKEN, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science: Metabolomics Research Group, LC-MS Branch. http://spectra.psc.riken.jp/menta.cgi/respect/datail/datail?accession=PT204220.
Neuwinger, H. 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Stuttgart, Germany: Medpharm Scientific.
Rajeev, S., Pawan, K.V. and Gagandeep, S. 2012. Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents in different extracts of Artemisia absinthium. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 1(2): 101-104.
Savitree, M., Isara, P., Nittaya, S.L. and Worapan, S. 2004. Radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of medicinal plants used in primary health care. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 9(1): 32-35.
Sawada, Y., Akiyama, K., Sakata, A., Kuwahara, A., Otsuki, H., Tetsuya Sakurai, T., Saito, K. and Hirai, M.Y. 2009. Widely targeted metabolomics based on large-scale MS/MS data for elucidating metabolite accumulation patterns in plants. Plant and Cell Physiology, 50(1): 37–47.
Shao, Q., Cheng, L., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Li, X. and Han, J. 2020. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Lonicerae japonicae flos determined by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules, 25(5): 1051.
Shehu U.F., Aliyu I.M., Ilyas N, and Ibrahim G. 2019a. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the aqueous ethanol leaf extract of Pavonia senegalensis (Cav.) Liestner in Wistar rats. Tropical Journal of Natural Products Research, 3(11): 339-344.
Shehu, U.F, Awwalu S. and Adeshina G.O. 2021. FTIR analysis and antimicrobial evaluation of aqueous ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Pavonia senegalensis (cav.) Liestner (Malvaceae). Journal of Current Biomedical Research, 1(3): 1-10.
Shehu, U.F, Shehu S, Abubakar, A.Z, Aliyu, I.M, Ibrahim, G. and Ilyas, N. 2019b. Anti-inflammatory studies on the hydro-alcoholic leaf extract and fractions of Pavonia senegalensis (cav.) Liestner (malvaceae) in wistar rats. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. (18)1: 55-63.
Silva, D. A., Falcão-Silva, V. S., Gomes, A. Y., Costa, D. A., Lemos, V. S., Agra, M. D., Souza, M. D. 2009. Triterpenes and phenolic compounds isolated from the aerial parts of Herissantiatiubae and evaluation of 5,4′,-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3′-pentamethoxyflavone as a modulator of bacterial drug resistance. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(4): 279-284.
Smith, J.V. and Luo, Y. 2003. Studies on molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 62(4): 452-454.
Snyder, L. R., Kirkland, J. J. and Dolan, J. W. 2011. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
Tourino, S., Fuguet, E., Jauregui, O., Saura-Calixto, F., Cascante, M. and Torres, J.L. 2008. High-resolution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatograph/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify polyphenols from grape antioxidant dietary fiber. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 22(22): 3489-500.
Vadivel, V., Sriram, S. and Brindha, P. 2016. Distribution of flavonoids among Malvaceae family members – A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 23: 33-60.
Weon, J. B., Yang, H. J., Lee, B., Ma, J.Y. and Ma, C. J. 2012. Simultaneous quantification of eleven chemical components in traditional herbal medicinal formula socheongryongtang by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 35(16): 2243–2254.
Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. and Jianming, W. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64: 555-559.
