The Modulatory effects of Allium cepa and quercetin on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and haematologic indices in potassium bromated induced toxicity in male Wistar rats
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان داروییسلیمان آگو 1 , احمد آکینتولا 2 , دبورا مشیویه 3 , مایکل گبادگسین 4 , اویرونکه اودونولا 5
1 - گروه فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمی دامپزشکی. دانشگاه فدرال کشاورزی، ماکوردی، ایالت بنوه، نیجریه؛
2 - آزمایشگاه تحقیقات سرطان و زیست شناسی مولکولی، گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه ابادان، ایبادان، ایالت اویو، نیجریه.
3 - آزمایشگاه تحقیقات سرطان و زیست شناسی مولکولی، گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه ابادان، ایبادان، ایالت اویو، نیجریه.
4 - آزمایشگاه تحقیقات سرطان و زیست شناسی مولکولی، گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه ابادان، ایبادان، ایالت اویو، نیجریه.
5 - آزمایشگاه تحقیقات سرطان و زیست شناسی مولکولی، گروه بیوشیمی، دانشگاه ابادان، ایبادان، ایالت اویو، نیجریه.
کلید واژه: haematology, Lipid profiles, Onions, Atherogenicity, KBrO3,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Allium cepa on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and hematologic indices in Wistar rats administered KBrO3.Experimental: Forty male rats assigned into 8 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, D, and E received distilled water (2 mL), KBrO3 (50 mg/kg), quercetin 70 mg/kg, aqueous extract of Allium cepa (AEAC) at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Groups F, G, and H received KBrO3 with AEAC at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and quercetin, respectively, on alternate days for 3 months.Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence and absence of some phytochemical constituents. The Acute toxicity result indicated that AEAC has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of KBrO3 with AEAC or quercetin improved the parameters. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL-C. Treatment with KBrO3 and AEAC or quercetin significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these KBrO3-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of AEAC were found in KBrO3-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: According to the present results, AEAC showed amelioration against KBrO3-induced derangement in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic indices and it might be helpful in the management of cardiovascular problems.
Background & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Allium cepa on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and hematologic indices in Wistar rats administered KBrO3.Experimental: Forty male rats assigned into 8 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, D, and E received distilled water (2 mL), KBrO3 (50 mg/kg), quercetin 70 mg/kg, aqueous extract of Allium cepa (AEAC) at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Groups F, G, and H received KBrO3 with AEAC at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and quercetin, respectively, on alternate days for 3 months.Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence and absence of some phytochemical constituents. The Acute toxicity result indicated that AEAC has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of KBrO3 with AEAC or quercetin improved the parameters. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL-C. Treatment with KBrO3 and AEAC or quercetin significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these KBrO3-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of AEAC were found in KBrO3-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: According to the present results, AEAC showed amelioration against KBrO3-induced derangement in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic indices and it might be helpful in the management of cardiovascular problems.
Abdel-Latif, A.S., Abu-Risha, S.E., Bakr, S.M., EL-Kholy, W.M. and EL-Sawi, M.R. 2021. Potassium bromate-induced nephrotoxicity and potential curative role of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles. Science Progress, 104(3):1–29.
Ahmad, M.K., Amani, S. and Mahmood, R. 2014. Potassium bromate causes cell lysis and induces oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Environmental Toxicology,29:138–145.
Akinola, B.K., Olawuyi, T.S. and Ogunmokunwa, A.E. 2020. The Protective effects of Telfairia Occidentalis on Potassium Bromate induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. African Journal of Biological Science, 2(3):51-61.
Aletan, U.I. 2014. Hematological effects following ingestion of Allium cepa (Onion), Allium sativum Garlic, and treatment with Iodine in albino Wistar rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13(8):457-461.
Apiamu, A., Evuen, UF. and Ajaja, U.I. 2013. Biochemical assessment of the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn on hepatocytes of rats. Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 3:37-41.
Arai, Y., Watanabe, S., Kimira, M., Shimoi, K., Mochizuki, R. and Kinae, N. 2000. Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones, and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration. Journal of Nutrition, 130(9): 2243-2250.
Badimon, J.J., Badimon, L. andFuster, V. 1990. Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high-density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. Journal of Clinical Investigations, 85:1234–1241.
Banerjee, S.K. and Maulik, S.K. 200. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutrition Journal, 1:4.
Bhardwaj, S., Bhattacharjee, J., Bhatnagar, M.K. and Tyagi, S. 2013. Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Castelli Risk Index and Atherogenic Coefficient- New parameters in assessing cardiovascular risk. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 3:359-364.
Brehm, A., Pfeiler, G., Pacini, G., Vierhapper, H. and Roden, M. 2004. Relationship between serum lipoprotein ratios and insulin resistance in obesity. Clinical Chemistry, 50: 2316-2322.
Bucolo, G. and David, H. 1973. Quantitative determination of serum triglycerol by the use of enzymes. Clinical Chemistry, 19: 476-482.
Castelli, W.P., Abbott, R.D. and McNamara, P.M. 1983. Summary estimates of cholesterol are used to predict coronary heart disease. Circulation, 67:730-734.
Cay, M. andNaziroglu, M. 1999. Effects of Intraperitoneal administration of Vitamin E and selenium on the blood biochemical and haematological parameters in rats. Cell Biochemical Function, 17(2):143-148.
Chipman JK, Davies JE, Parsons JL, Nair J, O'Neill G, et al. 1998. DNA oxidation by potassium bromate, is a direct mechanism or lipid to lipid peroxidation. Toxicology, 126: 93-102.
Chipman, J.K., Davies, J.E., Parson, J.L., O’Neill, G. and Fawell, J.K. 2006. DNA oxidation by Potassium Bromate; a direct mechanism or Link to lipid peroxidation? Toxicology, 126: 93-102.
Dhembare, A.J. and Dale, PG. 2017. Potassium bromate induced hematological alteration in European rabbit. The Journal of Zoology Studies, 4(3):1-5.
Dobiásová, M. 2004. Atherogenic index of plasma [log (triglycerides/ HDL-cholesterol)]: theoretical and practical implications. Clinical Chemistry, 50:1113-1115.
Ford, E.S., Giles, W.H. and Dietz, W.H. 2002. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. JAMA, 287:356–359.
Haliwell, B. 1994. Free Radicals, antioxidants and human disease: curiosity, cause or constipation? Lancet, 344:721-724.
Haneman, K. and Zidenberg-Cherr, S. 2008. Facts about phytochemicals, In Nutrition and Health Info-Sheet for Health Professionals. UC Cooperative Extension Center for Health and Nutrition Research, pp. 1-4.
Hoffbrand, A.V., Petit, J.E. and Moss, P.A.H. 2004. Essential Haematology. (4th ed) Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 252-253.
Ida, S., Kaneko, R. andMurata, K. 2019. Efficacy, and safety of pemafibrate administration in patients with dyslipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 18(1):38.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1999. Summaries and evaluations: Potassium Bromate (Group 2B), 73:481-496.
Jibrin, Y.B., Yusuph, H., Garbati, M.A., Gashau, W. andAbja, U.M.A. 2006. Should absolute lymphocyte count be used as a surrogate marker for CD4+ count in patients with HIV/AIDS? African Journal of Medicine. 35:9-13.
Khazaal, M.S. 2013. Atherogenic index of plasma as a parameter in predicting cardiovascular risk in males compared to the conventional dyslipidemic indices. Karbala Journal of Medicine, 6:1506–1531.
Kim, K.A. andYim, J.E. 2015. Antioxidative activity of onion peel extract in obese women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 20(3):202–207.
Koleva, D.I., Andreeva-Gateva, P.A., Orbetzova, M.M., Atanassova, I.B. and Nikolova, J.G. 2015. Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Castelli Risk Indices and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio in women with metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medical Research, 3:12-19.
Kumari, K. and Augusti, K.T. 2007. Lipid-lowering effect of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide from Allium cepa Linn in high cholesterol diet-fed rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 9:367–371.
Lee, K.H., Kim, Y., Park, E. and Cho, S. 2008. Study on dietary habit and effect of onion powder supplementation on serum lipid levels in early diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients. Journal of Korean Society Food Science and Nutrition, 37:561–570.
Lipkin, R. 1995. Saponins and your health: One of nature’s protective phytochemicals. Science News, 148:392-393.
Lu, T.M., Chiu, H.F., Shen, Y.C., Chung, C.C., Venkatakrishnan, K. andWang, C.K. 2015. Hypocholesterolemic efficacy of quercetin-rich onion juice in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic adults: a pilot study. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 70(4):395–400.
Maaroufi, K., Chekir, I., Creppy, E.F., Ellouz, F. and Bacha, H. 1996. Zearalenone induced modification of haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Toxicon, 34(5):535-40.
Majewska-Wierzbicka, M. andCzeczot, H. 2012. Flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, 32(187):50–54.
National Institute of Health (N.I.H). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. DHEW publication. 1985, Office of Science and Health Reports; Bethsaida; U.S.A.
Nwaehujor, C.O., Igile, G.O.,Nwinyi, F.C. and Ode, J.O. 2014. The protective role of extract of Allium cepa Linn. (Liliaceae) (red onion) bulb in Artesunate-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(14):1715-1724.
Odebiyi, O.O. and Sofowora, E.S. 1978. Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plants II. Lloydia, 41(3):234-46.
OECD. 2001. Acute oral toxicity-acute toxic class method. OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals No. 423, organization for economic co-operation and development, December 17, pp. 114.
Parsons, J.L. and Chipman, J.K. 2000. The role of glutathione in DNA damage by potassium bromate in vitro. Mutagenesis, 15(4): 311-316.
Rajani, G. andPurnima, A. 2009. In vitro antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of Bauhinia variegate Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 41:227–232.
Rakib, H., Marjana, K., Swagata, S.L., Mahmudur, R.M., Paritosh, C., Mamun, M.R., Sarkar, M.A., Chowdhury, M.M.H. and Choudhuri, M.S.K. 2014. Preclinical lipid profile studies of a classical Ayurvedic preparation Arjunarista after chronic administration to male Sprague-dawley rats. International Journal of Pharmacy, 4:146-150.
Sai, K., Hayashi, M., Takagi, A., Hasegawa, R., Sofuni, T. and Kurokawa, Y. 1992. Effects of antioxidants on induction of micronuclei in rat peripheral blood reticulocytes by potassium bromate. Mutation Research, 269(1): 13-8.
Sai, K., Kanno, J., Hasegawa, R., Trosko, J.E. and Inoue, T. 2000. Prevention of the down-regulation of gap junctional intercellular communication by green tea in the liver of mice fed pentachlorophenol. Carcinogenesis, 21:1671–1676.
Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Balzer, J., Kleinbongard, P., Keen, C.L., Hollenberg, N.K., Sies, H., Kwik-Uribe, C., Schmitz, H.H. and Kelm, M. 2006. Epicatechin mediates the beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United State of America, 103(4): 1024-9
Thompson, H.C. and Westfall, S.W. 1949. Potassium bromate poisoning. Report of a case due to ingestion of a cold wave neutralizer. Journal of Paediatric, 34:362–64.
Ueno, H., Oishi, K., Sayato, Y. and Nakamuno, K. 2000. Oxidative cell damage in the kat-sod assay of oxyhalides as inorganic disinfection by-products and their occurrence by ozonation. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38(1): 1-6.
Usman, M.M. andSule, M.S. 2014. Effect of oral administration of aqueous leaves extracts of Euphobi alateriflora (Schum and Thonn) on liver and kidney function in rats. Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 8(2):64-67.
Watson, A.D. 2006. Thematic review series: Systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. Journal of Lipid Research, 47:2101–2111.
Zhou, Y., Zhuang, W., Hu, W., Liu, GJ. And Wu, TX. 2011. Consumption of large amounts of Allium vegetables reduces the risk for gastric cancer in a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 141:80 – 89.