An Investigation of Compositions and Effects of Local Herbal Glycyrrhiza glabra and Mentha pulegium extracts on Helicobacterpylori and Cell Line of stomach Cancer (AGS) by MTT assays
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان دارویی
فرشته سلمانی
1
(گروه بیولوژی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، اردبیل ، ایران)
هاشم یعقوبی
2
(گروه بیولوژی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، اردبیل ، ایران)
کلید واژه: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Helicobacter pylori, Mentha pulegium, AGS,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim:According to globally development of stomach cancer especially in Ardabil, Iran, as the second major cause of mortality throughout the world, increased drug-resistant bacteria including Helicobacter pylori as the most important risk factors for stomach cancer, and side effects of antibiotics and chemical drugs normally used to treat. Experimental: The current research was conducted to investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial effects of native herbs of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) extractions for finding a solution with the lowest complications in control or treatment of stomach cancer.The extractions were firstly obtained using Soxhlet and methanol solvent and then their compounds were determined by GC/MS. Antimicrobial activity, MIC and MBC of the extractions were assessed respectively using agar diffusion and broth dilution test and the anticancer effect on stomach cancer (cell line AGS) was assessed by MTT assay. H. pylori ATCC 26695 was respectively revived and purified on Brucella broth containing 7% citrated horse serum and Columbia agar. Results: The analysis showed thatliquorice extract contains 15 compositions, mainly consists of 26.48% Nonane, 23.38% Ethylcyclohexan, 8.29% 3-Bromodecane, 10.31% trans-2-Heptenal, 8.93% 9-Octadecenamide and 4.68% β-pregna and pennyroyal extract contains 17 compositions, mainly including 3.36% Camphor, 22.79% Pulegone, 4.92% Paramenth-3-n8-l, 8.06% Menthoforan, 7.54% Cis-Isopulegon and 24.58% α-Selinene. The bacteria were resistant or semi-sensitive to common antibiotics, whereas had considerable sensitivity to herbal extracts and liquorice showed almost three times more antibacterial effect. Pennyroyal extract had no cytotoxic effects, but the anticancer effect was observed in liquorice extract with optimal concentration of 25 μg/ml after 48 hours. Recommended applications/industries: In conclusion, liquorice extract due to the significant health benefits of anticancer and antibacterial activity can be selective and highly effective herbal medicine as an alternative to antibiotics and other chemical drugs.
مقدمه و هدف: افزایش مقاومت دارویی و توجه بیشتر به خطرات عوارض جانبی داروهای صناعی باعث شده است که تحقیقات گسترده ای بر روی منابع گیاهی دارویی انجام شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره گیاهان دارویی خار مریم (Silybum marianum) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) بومی اردبیل و بررسی اثر ضد سرطان آنها بر روی رده سلولی سرطان کبد HepG2 و اثرات ضد باکتریایی آنها بر روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جهت ارائه یک راه حل برای کنترل یا درمان بود.روش تحقیق: ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره های به دست آمده از طریق دستگاه سوکسیله توسط سیستم GC/MS انجام گرفت. اثر ضد سرطانی با روش MTT و فعالیت های ضد میکروبی با استفاده از روش انتشار دیسک مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند و همچنین مقادیر MIC و MBC بر اساس روش رقت در لوله برآورد گردید.نتایج و بحث: عصاره خارمریم با 29 ترکیب و عمدتا شامل 63/2% Nonane، 68/4% Camphor، 84/2% Borneol، 65/3% Trans-anethole، 78/8% Viridiflorol، 26/34% α–Selinene، 34/2% Longiborn-9-ene، 52/2% amorphane-B، 00/5% Erucylamide، 15/10% o-Terphenyl و 8/46% α-androst-8-ene بود، عصاره رازیانه با 14 ترکیب و عمدتا شامل 53/5 درصد Fenchone، 53/5% α- Thujone، 84/2% Nonane، 10/79% trans-Anethol و 51/2 درصد Hentriacontane بود. اثرات عصاره رازیانه بر روی استافیلوکوکوس و عصاره خارمریم بر روی سودوموناس قابل توجه بود. در طرح ترکیبی، تاثیر خاصی مشاهده نشد. مقادیر MIC و MBC نتایج حاصل از تست حساسیت را تایید کردند. اثرات سیتوتوکسیک عصاره‌ها بر رده سلول سرطانی کبد در غلظت 25 µg/ml بعد از 48 ساعت اپتیمم بود.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج، این ترکیبات می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای مواد نگهدارنده شیمیایی در صنایع غذایی و صنایع دارویی باشند.
Ahmad A, Alkarkhi A. F. M, Hena S, Khim L. H.2009. Extraction, Separation and Identification of Chemical Ingredients of Elephantopus Scaber L. Using Factorial Design of Experiment. International Journal of Chemistry. 1(1): 36- 49.
Baver AW, Kirby WM, shreeis JC, turck M.1996.Antibiotic Susceptibity testing by a standardizedsingle disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 45: 493-496.
Broadhead ML, Clark JC, Dass CR, Choong PF. 2010. Microarray: an instrument for cancer surgeons of the future? Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery. 80: 531-536.
Brown LM.2000. H. pylori: epidemiology and routes of transmission. Epidemiologic Reviews. 22(2): 283-97.
Forouzandeh F, Salimi S, Naghsh N, Zamani N, Jahani S.2014. Evaluation of anti-cancer effect of Peganum harmala L hydroalcholic extract on human cervical carcinoma epithelial cell line (HeLa). Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.16 (4): 1-8.
Gaeini Z, Sohrabvandi S, Sobhani R. Soleimani M. 2013. Characteristics of pennyroyal essential oils. Azerbaijanian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 7(5): 661-668.
Ghasemi M.2015. Investigation of antibacterial effect of native Peganumharmala, Menthapulegium and Alcearosea hydro-alcoholic extracts on antibiotic-resistant Streptococcuspneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumonia in Baku, Azerbaijan. Advances in Biochemistry &Biotechnology. 1(1): 1-8.
Hajlaoui H, Ben A. F, Snoussi M, et al.2010. Effect of Mentha longifolia L. ssp longifolia essential oil on the morphology of four pathogenic bacteria visualized by atomic force microscopy. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4 (11): 1122-1127.
Hajlaoui H., Snoussi M., Ben Jannet H., et al.2008. Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia essential oil from two Tunisian localities (Gabes and Sidi Bouzid). Annals of Microbiology. 58 (3): 513-520.
Hashemi A, Abediankenari S, Ghasemi M, Azadbakht M, Yousefzadeh Y, Dehpour AA. 2011. The Effect of Fig Tree Latex (Ficus carica) on Stomach Cancer Line. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 13(4): 272-275.
Hassanpour H, Khavarinejad R, Niknam V, Najafi F, Razavi Kh. 2012. Effects of penconazole and water deficit stress on physiological and antioxidative responses in pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 34: 1537-1549.
Irani M, Sarmadi M, Bernard F, Ebrahimi pour Gh.H, Shaker BazarnovH. 2010. Leaves Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 9 (4): 425-428.
Jafari A, Ghane M, Arastoo SH. Synergistic antibacterial effects of nano zinc oxide combined with silver nanocrystales. African Journal of Microbiology Research 2011; 5(30): 5465-5473.
Kato S.2001.Epidemiology and clinical role of childhood H.pylori infection. Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 59(2): 337-341.
Kermanshah H, Hashemi KS, Arami S, Mirsalehian A, Kamalinejad M, Karimi M, Jabal AF. 2011. Antibacterial effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Saliva Officinalis and Mentha longifoliaon three bacteria cause tooth decay in vitro. Shaheed Beheshti University of Dental Journal. 4: 232-237.
Lakshmi T, Geetha R.V. 2011.Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn commonly known as licorice: a therapeutic review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3(4): 20- 25.
Lee YY, Derakhshan MH. 2013. Environmental and lifestyle risk factors of gastric cancer. Archives of Iranian medicine. 16(6):358-365.
Lorenzo D, Paz D, Dellacassa E, Davies Ph.2002. Essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Mentha rotundifolia from Uruguay. J Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 4(45): 1516-1520.
Mahmoudi R., Ehsani A., Tajik H., et al.2011. Antimicrobial effects of Mentha Longifolia L. Essential oil and Lactobacillus casei against staphylococcus aureus in Iranian White Cheese. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control.1: 147-161.
Mann J.2002. Natural products in cancer chemotherapy .past, present and futures. Natures Review cancer. 2:143-148.
Mobley HLT, Mendz GL. Hazell SL. 2001. Helicobacterpylori. Washington DC: ASM, 481-485.
Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Safaee A, Zali MR. 2008. Survival rates and prognosis of gastric cancer using an actuarial life-table method. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 9: 317-321.
Pourhoseingholi MA, Hajizadeh E, Moghimi Dehkordi B, Safaee A, Abadi A, Zali MR. 2007. Comparing cox regression and parametric models for survival of patients with gastric carcinoma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 8: 412-416.
Roudbar Mohammadi Sh, Roudbari M, Vahidi M, Mohammad Hassan Z, Darabi N. 2012.Evaluation of Antitumor activity of Candida albicans Cell wall fraction on human Fibrosarcoma cell in vitro. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research. (2): 103-110.
Teixeira B, Marques A, Ramos C, Batista I, Serrano C, Matos O, et al.2012. European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) from Portugal: Chemical composition of essential oil and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts and essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products. 36: 81-87.
Tomatari FH, Mobarez AM, Amini M, Hosseini D, and Abadi ATB.2010.Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in dyspeptic patients in Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 12(4):409-412
Vijayalakshmi U, Shourie A.2013. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of ethanolic extracts of Glycyrrhizaglabra linn roots. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 4(4): 741 – 755.
Wittschier N, Faller G, Hensel A.2009. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa. Journal Ethnopharmacol.125 (2): 218-23.
Zende-Del A, Ahmadvand H, Abdollah-Pour F, Abdolahian M, Ahmadi-Nejad M, Alie-Poor A, Safari M. 2013. Cerium lanthanide effect on growth of AGS cell line with the presence of transferrin in vitro. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (ZJRMS), 15(10): 41-44.
