In vitro anti-fungal activity of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) extract against Fusarium solani, the causal agent of potato dry rot
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان دارویی
جعفر نیکان
1
(گروه حفظ نباتات، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان)
هادی خاوری
2
(دانشگاه کاربردی و صنعتی، همدان، ایران)
کلید واژه: Growth Inhibition, Potato Dry Rot, Natural Fungicide,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effect of the watercress extract on the growth of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of potato dry rot.Experimental: This research was done in a completely randomized design with three concentrations and four replicates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium.Results: Results of this study indicated that all concentrations of alcoholic extract of watercress can significantly inhibit mycelia growth of Fusarium solani on PDA medium. Among different concentrations of watercress extract, the highest inhibition zone of the fungus (26.1 mm in diameter) was obtained at dose of 600 mg/ml. The rate of growth inhibition was concentration dependent. However, no significant difference in the rate of growth inhibition of the fungus by watercress extract was seen between the 500 mg/ml and 400 mg/ml or between 400 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml of the plant extract.Recommended applications/industries: The overall results of this experiment indicated that the alcoholic extract of watercress can inhibit mycelia growth of Fusarium solani in a dose dependent manner. It seems therefore, that the watercress extract has the potential to be employed for manufacturing natural fungicidal compounds. It is recommended that the experiment to be tested on potato tubers (in vivo conditions).
مقدمه و هدف: پوسیدگی ناشی از گونه های مختلف فوزاریوم (Fusarium spp.) ، یکی از بیماری های قارچی مهم پس از برداشت سیب زمینی است. مهمترین روش های مبارزه با این بیماری شامل حمل و نقل و انبارداری مناسب غده های سیب زمینی به منظور به حداقل رساندن و ترمیم زخم های روی غده ها و نیز سمپاشی غده ها با ترکیبات قارچ کش است. اگر چه مدیریت موثر آفات با کاربرد آفت کش های مصنوعی به دست می آید ولی به دلیل افزایش آگاهی از خطرات مرتبط با استفاده از این مواد شیمیائی، توجه زیادی بر روی روش های جایگزین مانند کاربرد ترکیبات طبیعی گیاهان معطوف گشته است.روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه چهار غلظت مختلف از عصاره الکلی علف چشمه (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) برای فعالیت ضد قارچی علیه Fusarium solani عامل اصلی پوسیدگی خشک سیب زمینی در استان همدان در شرایط درون شیشه (روی محیط کشت) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ملاک ارزیابی درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ بود.نتایج و بحث:نتایج نشان داد که همه غلظت های مورد استفاده از عصاره الکلی علف چشمه در کنترل قارچ بر روی محیط کشت موثرند. بالاترین میزان ممانعت از رشد قارچ به ترتیب با 7/ 32% و 1/ 26% با استفاده از تیمار قارچ کش و غلظت mg/m l600 عصاره علف چشمه به دست آمد. به علاوه میزان ممانعت از رشد قارچ با عصاره وابسته به غلظت بود. به هر حال از نظر درصد ممانعت از رشد قارچ عامل بیماری تفاوت معنی داری بین غلظت های mg/ml500 و mg/ml400 یا بین غلظتهای mg/ml400 و mg/ml300 عصاره علف چشمه مشاهده نشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش به نظر می رسد که عصاره علف چشمه توانائی کاربرد به عنوان قارچ کش طبیعی علیه قارچF.solaniرا دارد. پیشنهاد می شودکه این عصاره در شرایط طبیعی (روی غده های سیب زمینی ) نیز اجرا گردد.
Al-Mughrabi, K. I. 2010. Biological control of Fusarium dry and other potato tuber diseases using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enterobacter cloacae. Biological Control., 53: 280-284.
Anonymous, 2012. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor
Asadi, M.S., Mirvaghefei, A.R., Nematollahi, M.A., Banaee, M. and Ahmadi, K. 2012. Effects of watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) extract on selected immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Veterinary Journal., 2: 32-39.
Ataee-Azimi, a., Delnavaz Hashemian, B. and Ghanaee, A.M. 2006. Effect of Watery, alcoholic and phenolic extracts of seed and leaf of Sorghum bicolor on Fusarium solani and Fusarium poae. Journal of Medicinal Plants., 21: 26-31.
Babu, J., Dar, M.A. and Kumar, V . 2008. Bioefficacy of plant extracts to control Fusarium solani f.Sp. Melongenae incitant of Brinjal Wilt. Global Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry., 3 (2): 56-59.
Bahramikia, S., Ardestani, A. and Yazdanparast, R. 2009. Protective effects of four Iranian, medicinal plants against free radical-mediated protein oxidation. Food Chemistry., 1159(1): 37-42.
Bahraminejad, S., MaerefatzadahKhamenah, M., Abbasi, S., ZareKhafari, A. 2010. In vitro screening of 27 plant species against phytopathogenic fungi. Modern Technology in Agriculture., 4(2): 1-11.
Deepa, M. and Padmaja, C.K. 2013. Effect of the extracts of Excoecaria agallocha on spore formation and budding in fungi. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research., (6): 14-19.
Durling, N.E., Catchpole,O. J., Grey, J.B., Weebby, R.F., Mitchell, K.A., Foo, L.Y., and Perry, N.B. 2007. Extraction of phenolics and essential oil from dried sage (salvia officinalis) using ethanol – water mixtures. Food Chemistry., 101: 1417-1424.
Dwivedi, S.K. and Dwivedi, N. 2012. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against guava wilt pathogen. International Journal of Environmental Sciences., 3(1): 412-420.
El-Kot, G.A.N. 2008.Biological Control of Black Scurf and Dry Rot of Potato. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology., 36(1-2): 45-56.
Freitas, E., Aires, A., de Santos, R. EA, and Saavedra, M.J. 2013. Antibacterial activity and synergistic effect between watercress extracts, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate and antibiotics against 11 isolates of Escherichia coli from clinical and animal source. Letters in Applied Microbiolgy., 57(4): 266-73. doi: 10.1111/lam. 12105.
Gould, M., Nelson, L M., Waterer, D., and Hynes, R. K. 2008.Biocontrol of Fusarium sambucinum, dry rot of potato, by Serratia plymuthica 5-6. Biocontrol Science and Technology., 18( 9/10): 1005-1016.
Jafarpour M., Golparvar, A.R., and Lotfi, A. 2013. Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi and Mentha aquatic against Erwinia carotovora in vitro. Journal of Herbal Drugs., 4(3): 115-118.
Kiran, K., Linguraju, S. and Adiver, S. 2006. Effect of plant extract on Sclerotiumrolfsii, the incitant of stem rot of ground nut. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology., 36: 77-79
Kirk, W. and Wharton, P. 2008. Fusarium dry rot posing problems in potatoes. Michigan State University Extension, Department of Plant Pathology. http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/fusarium dry rot posing problems in potatoes
Mangang, H.C. and chhetry, G.K.N. 2012. Antifungal Properties of certain Plant Extracts against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Root Rot of French Bean In Organic Soil of Manipur International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications., 2(5): 1-4.
Marasas, W. F. O., Nelson, P. E. andToussoun, T. A. 1984. Toxigenic Fusarium Species Identity and Mycotoxicology. Pennsylvania State University Press 328pp.
Mazandarani, M., Momeji, A., ZarghamiMoghaddam, P. 2013. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activities from different parts of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Mazandaran. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology., 3(2): 659-664.
Murdoch A.W. and Wood, R.K.S. 1972. Control of Fusarium solani rot of potato tubers with fungicides. Annals of Applied Biology., 75(1): 53–62.
Nikan, J. and Morowati, M. 2013. Investigation on pesticide residue levels in green-house grown cucumber and their influencing factors in Hamadan province, Iran. Final Report of the research project coded 04-83-16-89102, Agricultural and natural resources Research Organization., 44300,
Ownagh, A., Hasani, A., Mardani, K., and Ebrahimzadeh, S. 2010. Antifungal effects of thyme, agastache and satureja essential oils on Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani. Veterinary Research Forum., 1(2): 99 – 105.
Ozen, T. 2009. Investigation of antioxidant properties of Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) leaf extracts'. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research., 66 (2): 187-193.
Rasooli, I., Rezaei M. B., and Allameh, A. 2006. Growth inhibition and morphological alterations of Aspergillus niger by essential oils from Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus x-porlock. Food Control., 17: 359-364.
Rowe, R. C. 1993. Potato Health Management. APS Press, 178pp.
Shafique, Sh. and Shafique, S. 2012. Biological Control Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus against Fusarium Solani – A Cause of Fusarium Wilt in Potato. International Conference on Applied Life Sciences, 10-12 Sep., Turkey.
Sharifi, K., Zare, S., Zamanizadeh, H., and Arjmandian, A. 2009. Fusarium species causing dry rot of potatoes in Ardabil, Tehran and Hamedan Provinces. Journal of Plant Pests and Diseases., 76(2): 93-113.
Shrestha, A. K. and Tiwari, R.D. 2009. Antifungal activity of crude extracts of some medicinal plants against Fusarium solani (mart.) sacc. ECOPRINT 16: 75-78, Ecological Society (ECOS), Nepal.
Soheili-Moghadam, B. and Hosseinzadeh, A.M. 2013. Study of Fusarium Species causing dry rot of potatoes in Ardabil Province. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production., 4(6): 1226-1233.
Stevenson, W.R., Loria, R., Franc, G.D. and Weingartner, P.D. 2001. Compendium of Potato Diseases. second ed. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 23–25.
Suhr, K.I. and Nielsen, P.V. 2003. Antifungal activity of essential oils evaluated by two different application techniques against rye bread spoilage fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology., 94: 665–674.
Viana, E., Malto, J.C. and Font, G. 1996. Optimization of a Matrix Solid-Phase Dispension Method for the Analysis of Pesticide residues in Vegetables. Journal of Chromatography., 754: 437-444.
Zahradníková, H. and Petříková, K. 2012. Nematocide effects of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. BR.) Acta Universitatis Agriculturaeet Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis., 233-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361010233.
