Natural Ecosystems of Iran: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluating the effectiveness of flood control structures in Golab darreh-Darband watershed, Tehran
Baharak Motamedvaziri Hadi Kiadaliri Sasan Arefi

Golabdarreh- Darband watershed is one of the watersheds of north of Tehran which pay special attention to management of these basins due to flooding of these basins to Tehran city and its potential financial and life threat. In this research, HEC-HMS software has been u More

Golabdarreh- Darband watershed is one of the watersheds of north of Tehran which pay special attention to management of these basins due to flooding of these basins to Tehran city and its potential financial and life threat. In this research, HEC-HMS software has been used to determine the response of this watershed to floods before and after the watershed operation. Taking into account the lack of ability to determine the rainstorm corresponding to the time period before and after the flood control operations carried out in the watershed in order to investigate the studies of floods caused by single rainstorm, the investigation and statistical analysis of the rainfall and flood data related to the rain gauges and hydrometers stations located in Gulab Dareh-Darband watershed were closed and simulation of the watershed was done in the HEC-HMS software environment, so that after simulating the watershed, the flood caused by the watershed can be measured to the maximum 24-hour rainfall for the return period of 10, 25 and 100. The results of the simultaneous assessment of rainfall and flood in the studied watershed, before and after the implementation of the watershed projects, showed that the watershed operations had a direct effect on reducing floods, increasing flood infiltration and controlling it, and this effect on floods with a high return periods, there have been more so that the flood peak discharge and flood volume in the 10, 25 and 100 year return periods, after the implementation of the watershed projects, shows a decrease of 10, 27.4 and 40 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Prioritization and Evaluation of Effective Criteria on Rural Sustainability with an Emphasis on Agricultural Production (Case Study: Villages of Qazvin Province)
Vahid Bigdeli Rad Shahram Maleki

In addition to being the source of financial and livelihood resources for villagers, the agricultural production sector has the greatest impact in providing the country's strategic products; Therefore, in order to maintain and develop this sector, there is a need for th More

In addition to being the source of financial and livelihood resources for villagers, the agricultural production sector has the greatest impact in providing the country's strategic products; Therefore, in order to maintain and develop this sector, there is a need for the stability of rural areas based on a suitable approach. Based on this, in the current research, by using library resources and the opinions of rural affairs experts, criteria with the approach of supporting and removing obstacles from agricultural production, and then using the method of hierarchical analysis and Expert Choice software was used to evaluate and prioritize them. The results showed that the criterion of support has a higher priority than the criterion of removing obstacles to production. Also, among the production support sub-criteria, on-time payment of products with 16.4 percent and among the production prevention sub-criteria, mediation in the sales chain with 18.7 percent have more important priority. In addition, the villages of Alborz city have had a favorable situation in terms of production support components, with 20.2%. Also, in measuring the situation of eliminating production obstacles, the villages of Qazvin city have a better situation with a weight of 19.7%. On the other hand, the villages of Auj city are the least privileged in both criteria. In the end, the examination of the results showed the need to pay more attention to supporting and removing obstacles to agricultural production in Auj city. The main reason for this is the location of this city in the less developed region of Qazvin province, especially in terms of ease of access to the central regions of the province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating How to Improve Security in the Worn-out Spaces of the10th District of Tehran with an Emphasis On Sustainable Urban Environment With the C.P.T.E.D. Approach
rassa safaei namin ardalan bagher khojasteh sayed mohamad reza shahabi rasoul safaei namin

Today, worn-out urban fabric is a source of crime and insecurity, and one of the approaches used to reduce the risks in these places is the CPTED approach. CPTED approach (crime prevention using environmental design) can be considered as a purposeful approach to efficie More

Today, worn-out urban fabric is a source of crime and insecurity, and one of the approaches used to reduce the risks in these places is the CPTED approach. CPTED approach (crime prevention using environmental design) can be considered as a purposeful approach to efficient and intelligent design of environmental components by optimally using the artificial environment to reduce crime, which effectively increases social capital, improves quality of life and increases capital. Socially, it has a great impact. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate how to improve security in dilapidated spaces with emphasis on sustainable urban environment with the C.P.T.E.D approach. The research is descriptive and analytical and has been done in a library and field method using documentary sources and SPSS. The statistical population and the study area is Deh district of Tehran. The results show that the use of cpted approach in urban design and urban public spaces will increase social security in these spaces and, consequently, will improve the quality of life in these spaces for its residents. This is because the feeling of security as a mental matter is influenced by various social and psychological factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation of farmers' opinions regarding the multi-purpose use of Chaharbagh summer pastures in Golestan province
Reza Yari seyedeh mahbubeh mirmiran

Multipurpose use and investment in potential resources available in rangelands such as the use of medicinal plants as well as attention to the tourism and ecotourism industry can benefit local people from benefits such as employment and income generation. Therefore, thi More

Multipurpose use and investment in potential resources available in rangelands such as the use of medicinal plants as well as attention to the tourism and ecotourism industry can benefit local people from benefits such as employment and income generation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the views of users regarding exploitation, potentials, facilities, income and education about Chaharbagh summer rangelands in Golestan province The interview was conducted randomly among 27 exploits. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of experts and experienced in this field and also the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. The reliability of the questionnaire for users was equal to 0.81, which was in the appropriate and desirable range. Excel and Spss software were also used to analyze the data. The results show the highest interest, good experience, potential of rangelands and facilities and equipment from the perspective of users in the field of livestock activities and livestock grazing and the lowest amount of them in the activities of exploitation of medicinal, industrial and edible plants. So that 48.1% are very and very interested in activities and earning, 77.78% are in good experience of Chaharbagh rangelands and 81.48% of them are in high and very high rangelands potential and up to 88% of them are in high facilities and They mentioned a lot of pastures in the field of animal husbandry and grazing.The highest level of agreement with the presence and also the highest level of income was observed in beekeeping activities. 70.37% of the farmers had a lot of agreement with the presence of beekeepers in these pastures and from the point of view of 50% of them, this activity has the highest income. More than 74% of users also expressed the need for more and more training in the use of medicinal plants. In general, the results show the desired potential of the region for multi-purpose use, especially in the field of livestock and beekeeping activities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Tafony (Genesis, Evolution, and Distribution issues)
mojtaba khalilizadeh

Rock in many aspects of human activity has fundamental importance. If the rocks in different conditions than the current environment to be formed, are posses to natural weathering processes and forms shapes that are interesting  subject to geomorphologists to be us More

Rock in many aspects of human activity has fundamental importance. If the rocks in different conditions than the current environment to be formed, are posses to natural weathering processes and forms shapes that are interesting  subject to geomorphologists to be used effectively in creating the conditions and how they are developed. In geomorphology, Tafony has a surprising form by the chemical and salt weathering that are created on rocky outcrops. These quasi-cave shapes can be found in different structures such as sandstone, granite, dolomite, limestone, rhyolite and metamorphosed conglomerate. They also have been observed in different climates such as Polar Regions, coastal, semi-arid areas and even on Mars. Despite extensive distribution of Tafony, this issue must consider that they are generally found in rock crystal and grain and also, are created in terms of environmental in humid and salty environments. Since some forms of Tafony are very old, especially those that are very large and wide, often as evidence of past climatic periods are raised so they can study as the evidence of the weather and climatic conditions of that era. Considering the distribution of this phenomenon, how Tafony formed and their effective processes is still discussed and there are different opinions about its genesis. Since we can find this phenomenon in all climates, it is mentioned in many resources, including coastal, deserts texts, and since this phenomenon is one of the forms of weathering and could be seen on marine and urban structures, so in some of these works without reference to the name of Tafony, have been studied. In Iran, this phenomenon has been observed in many areas, including Abyaneh road, Larestan, alongside Qom road, Binaloud mountains, southern slopes of the Zagros and ... that generally includes sub glacial, cold, coastal and desert areas, amny studies have been done on them as often or in case of dominant erosion in geology and works of geomorphologists such as Zomorodian and Ahmadi with some brief reference to their formation. In this study we try to evaluate the Iranian and global literature in relation to Tafony genesis, its causes and distribution and new findings in relation to this phenomenon is discussed to be exposed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ethnobotany of medicinal plants among the northern counties local communities of Fars province
Roja Safaeian Elahe Niknam simakani

Medicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need f More

Medicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need for research it seems necessary. The following study is considered in Abade, Khorambid, Bavanat and Pasargad. The questionaries were included plant local name, place of collection, parts used, season of harvest, medicinal uses, contraindications, how to prepare and method of use. Information on the use of plants was obtained by interviewing with 40 traditional herbalists. The data collected was analyzed by using quantitative indices in terms of the value of the use of the species (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). The results showed that reported plants in the traditional shops belonging to 32 botanical families and 83 species. Lamiaceae was the most common family (20.7%), followed by the Asteraceae family (11%), then, Apiaceae (9.8%). In the present study, the results obtained from local communities showed that the use of medicinal plants is to relieve and cure digestive diseases. In this regard, the aerial parts of plants are more useful when consumed as herbal tea. Paying attention to these results shows the role of important of ethnobotanical studies in today's human life. Furthermore, this issue shows human need to the nature, pastures and its products in order to heal and relieve the spiritual and physical science. Manuscript profile

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