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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The Emergence of Bhakti or Loving Devotion in Hindu Texts
پریا الیاسیBhakti ("loving devotion") is a general term in Indian culture.Considering its broad meaning this term could be an integral part ofevery religion; but in India, from a few centuries before Common Era,bhakti gradually has been associated with specific gods, religiousbeli MoreBhakti ("loving devotion") is a general term in Indian culture.Considering its broad meaning this term could be an integral part ofevery religion; but in India, from a few centuries before Common Era,bhakti gradually has been associated with specific gods, religiousbeliefs and practices, in as much as today it is the most importantcomponent of Indian religions. According to early Indologists, such asAlbrecht Weber and Friedrich Lorinser, the formation of bhakti wasinfluenced by Christianity so they paid no heed to its Indian roots.However other scholars such as Bhandarkar and Radhakrishnan tracedthe roots of bhakti to the Hindu texts and considered it as an indigenousconcept. The emphasis on Hindu texts was followed by later scholars inas much as it reduced the foreign influences to the secondary role andlimited it to the later development of the concept in the medievalperiod. So in order to understand the concept of bhakti and to trace itsroots, above all, it is necessary to study the Hindu texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Judaism and the Environment
معصومه انصاری فاطمه لاجوردیMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose t MoreMost of the Jewish rituals have been formed in connection with naturethroughout history. Mishna and Talmud elaborated the nature-orientedteachings of the Bible in order to protect the environment. So Jews whobehave in accordance with the teachings of Torah must choose theways that are compatible with natural changes, such as the emergenceof seasons, to cause the least damage to the environment. This articletries to describe the Jews’ view on God, man and nature and explaintheir solution to the environmental crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Abulfazl al-Baghdādī: the Unknown Successor of Ahmad Ghazālī
انسیه شیخسفلی شهرام پازوکیAccording to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Ma rufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran byt MoreAccording to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Ma rufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran bythe unknown successor of Ahmad Ghazālī, mentioned as Abulfazl al-Baghdādī, and through some intermediaries reached Abu Madyan (d.1198 C.E.), in Tlemcen (a town in Northwestern Algeria). The name ofAbu Madyan is frequently mentioned in Ibn al- Arabi’s works as hismaster. This chain finally came up to Shāh Nimatullāh Valī, thusreturned to Iran. This article tries to survey the real identity of ShaikhAbulfazl al-Baghdādī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Rumi’s Ontology
حبیب بشیرپور طاهره حاج ابراهیمیFor Rumi the entire world of creation is the manifestation of the uniqueglory of God, in which God has revealed Himself in accordance withthe creatures’ capacities and faculties. Therefore, he describes theworld as a mirror that constantly reflects the God’s MoreFor Rumi the entire world of creation is the manifestation of the uniqueglory of God, in which God has revealed Himself in accordance withthe creatures’ capacities and faculties. Therefore, he describes theworld as a mirror that constantly reflects the God’s face. For him wholeparts of the realm of existence are full of meaning and following hismaster, Shams Tabrīzī, he believes that God is manifested in this verymeaning. Rumi invites people to observe this meaning by purifyingtheir minds and selves. Sometimes in Rumi’s ontology the bipolarworld changes into an indivisible and simple existence consisted ofdifferent levels. He sees no “discord” in the realm of existence but hedescribes the world as the place of “union” with God so every bit of itis full of meaning. Therefore from Rumi’s viewpoint the realm ofexistence is full of joy and passion and every part of it goes through theway of perfection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Religion and Modernity from the Viewpoint of Anthony Giddens
فریبا طشت زر حسین حیدری جواد روحانی رصافThe theory of “late modernity” is the key to understand Giddens’thought on religion and his critique of early sociologists. According toGiddens, religion has had two different phases in early and latemodernity. The misunderstanding of the nature of the MoreThe theory of “late modernity” is the key to understand Giddens’thought on religion and his critique of early sociologists. According toGiddens, religion has had two different phases in early and latemodernity. The misunderstanding of the nature of the early modernityled to some wrong predictions about the future of religion as somesociologists claimed that religion would eventually disappear. Howeverin late modernity, given its specific characteristics, appeal for religionand spirituality has increased. By surveying the outcomes of themodernity and criticizing the views of early sociologists (such as Marx,Durkheim and Weber) Giddens asserts that religion is not going to beabolish. Nevertheless, religious revival of late modernity does notindicate that religion will return to its traditional condition. Acompromise between modernity and religion could be possible,provided that religion undergoes ongoing reflexivity and dialogue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Negative Theology in the Works of Pseudo-Dionysius
مریم السادات نوابی محمد ایلخانیOne of the important subjects of the philosophy of religion is thereligious language. This subject was introduced in the early theologicaland mystical books, prior to the modern works of the philosophy ofreligion. Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the early thinkers who hassys MoreOne of the important subjects of the philosophy of religion is thereligious language. This subject was introduced in the early theologicaland mystical books, prior to the modern works of the philosophy ofreligion. Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the early thinkers who hassystematically surveyed the subject in his books. For talking about Godhe prefers the negative language to affirmative one. Pseudo-Dionysiusbelieves that the negative language is the language of intelligiblerealities thus when a person, in his spiritual journey, comes up to thestate of the intelligible realities he begins to pray God by negativelanguage. Therefore for Pseudo-Dionysius the negative theology isrelated to a special stage of knowledge. However he ascribes negativelanguage to intelligible manifestations of God, not to the God’sessence. He describes intelligible and hidden manifestations of God as"Super–existence" and for him it is not reasonable to talk about"Super–existence" in an earthy way. For this reason negative languageis the best way to talk about God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Challenge for the Inheritance: A Comparative Study of the Sacrifice of Abraham’s Son according to Jewish, Christian and Islamic Traditions
محمدرضا وصفی سید روح اله شفیعیAbraham is the father of the Semitic religions, i.e. Judaism, Christianityand Islam. According to the sacred books of these religions Godcommands Abraham to offer his son as a sacrifice. However, the trueidentity of this son is a matter of debate, Jews and Christians re MoreAbraham is the father of the Semitic religions, i.e. Judaism, Christianityand Islam. According to the sacred books of these religions Godcommands Abraham to offer his son as a sacrifice. However, the trueidentity of this son is a matter of debate, Jews and Christians refer toIsaac while Muslims mention Ishmael. But the question is what isreally important in this story? The true identity of the son or the faith ofAbraham and his loyalty to God’s decree? If the story is told fordrawing people’s attention to Abraham’s faith and persuading them tofallow his way, why such an argument has emerged? In an attempt toanswer this question present article firstly presents a comparativeaccount of the story according to the Bible and Qur’an. Then, itexplains the role of “Inheritance” as the key feature of this disputation.Finally by a historical survey of various interpretations we come to theconclusion that these traditions think of the son offered as a sacrifice asthe true heir to Abraham. Manuscript profile
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