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Open Access Article

1 - Locating desalination facilities in the southern coasts of Bushehr province using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS system
A. Pakandish

Nowadays, the subject of hygienic drinking water is one of the main concerns of most countries in the world. In the seaside areas in south of Iran, this is more easily observable due to different factors including the population growth, limitation of freshwater resource More

Nowadays, the subject of hygienic drinking water is one of the main concerns of most countries in the world. In the seaside areas in south of Iran, this is more easily observable due to different factors including the population growth, limitation of freshwater resources, development of famine phenomenon and the increase in temperature, etc. Therefore, the construction of the desalinators in order to convert saline water into drinking water, is of great significance. In this research, a zone across the southern coast of Bushehr province was studied, and the potential of the area for locating water desalinators were analyzed. Analysis of the data were done with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in Expert Choice software and GIS. A number of 13 criteria were weighted in the form of three main indexes, borders, and natural factors. The weighted layers were merged and the final map was produced. Results of the study indicate that 13.15% of the region has a very high potential for the construction of desalinators, 28.37% high potential, 30.45% has an average potential, and 21.45% and 6.57% of the region have low and very low potential, respectively. Kaky, Abdanof, Bardestan and Siraf have a considerable potential for accommodating water desalination facilities and in general the northern parts of the case study area are more suitable for this purpose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of the ecological potential of tourism and protection of Nayband National Marine Park by zoning the land and offshore sections
nazli moghadam yekta R. Hejazi A. Karimi

In this study, the ecological potential of tourism and protection of the land and offshore section of Nayband National Marine Park, in the southeastern part of the Kangan city in Bushehr province was evaluated. Therefore, after identifying the environmental resources of More

In this study, the ecological potential of tourism and protection of the land and offshore section of Nayband National Marine Park, in the southeastern part of the Kangan city in Bushehr province was evaluated. Therefore, after identifying the environmental resources of the area, investigation and preparation of required maps using Landscape Ecology Method using Geographic Information System (GIS) was started. Using national and international criteria, ecological potential of the region for recreational activities was assessed and by overlaying of maps, suitable recreation areas were identified for both land and offshore regions. Two levels (levels 1 and 2) were identified for the land sector and 1 level for the offshore area. Taking into account the growing of the economic development around the region and considering the location of the protected and sensitive areas within the study area, the recreational package was finalized. After zoning and determining the uses of protected areas, based on the information obtained from the identification of biophysical and socioeconomic resources, the zones were presented to supplement the objectives of management and planning of programs at three levels of long term (25 to 50 years), medium term (5-25 years) and short term (5 years), of the national park. Due to the increase of the immigrant population in the region, and limited capacity of the park for recreational activities, the national park will not answer this volume of tourists. Therefore, two categories were set for the program, the first category was the removal of recreational activities from the National Marine Park of Nay Band to the areas outside the park with a higher priority and the second category was organizing the recreational activities of the park. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Two dimensional simulation of acoustic wave propagation in Hormoz Strait waters using finite difference method
A. Mohseni Araste N. Nazemiyeh M. Soheilifar

In this paper, a two dimensional simulation of acoustic wave propagation was evaluated to assess the dispersion of sound wave fronts in shallow waters. This simulation was used to survey three dimensional sound propagation effects in shallow water in Hormoz Strait. Soun More

In this paper, a two dimensional simulation of acoustic wave propagation was evaluated to assess the dispersion of sound wave fronts in shallow waters. This simulation was used to survey three dimensional sound propagation effects in shallow water in Hormoz Strait. Sound wave propagation simulation is appropriate for wide range of modeling methods with different accuracy degrees. One of these methods which is based on finite difference method, is useful for describing seismic wave propagation in shallow waters. This paper focused on assessing the use of finite difference method in time domain propagation modeling and imaging wave frontpropagation using Matlab and FORTRAN. The results of this simulation showed that due to the vertical velocity change of the sound velocity, the waves were divided into two branches and ultimately the vortex generated the sound waves and the regions with high noise could be highlighted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ecological Assessment and Recommendation of Appropriate Zones for Recreational Activities along Karaj River Basin: Case Study on Shahrestanak River
L. Yadegarian A. Jozi M. Zebarjad

This study presents the appropriate zoning for recreational activities along Karaj river basin, with a case study on Shahrestanak River. Shahrestanak Village is located in Alborz Mountains and therefore is a high mountainous region. The Shahrestanak River originates fro More

This study presents the appropriate zoning for recreational activities along Karaj river basin, with a case study on Shahrestanak River. Shahrestanak Village is located in Alborz Mountains and therefore is a high mountainous region. The Shahrestanak River originates from northern slopes of 3930 meters high Tochal Mountain; it is 18 km long and its river discharge, according to annual statistics, is of the order of 30 million m3/s, which supplies Karaj Dam to a great extent. In this research GIS was used to prepare maps for extensive and centralized recreation zoning. Factors of slope, direction, height, soil, and climate were taken into account and classified for zoning of Karaj river basin. Results of the study showed that, 2.05% of the total area of Shahrestanak river basin has zones with adequate potential, 43.19% of the area has zones with relatively adequate potential and 54.73% of the river basin is potentially inadequate for summer intensive (centralized) tourism. Regarding winter intensive (centralized) tourism, 2.07% of Shahrestanak river basin area has zones with adequate potential, 31.67% has zones with relatively adequate potential and 66.27% of the river basin is potentially inadequate for this purpose. However, for extensive tourism, 13.16% of Shahrestanak river basin has zones with adequate potential, 88% has zones with relatively adequate potential and 17.36% of the river basin has zones with inadequate potential. As findings indicate, due to the mountainous condition and high altitude of Shahrestanak region, has a potential for extensive tourism and should be considered as a priority for the area. In addition, the zoning results indicate that only the river banks may have adequate and relatively adequate potential for summer and winter intensive (centralized) tourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluating of Heavy Metal Contamination of Hg, Cd and Ni in Muscle Tissue and Skin of Ilish fish (Tenualosa ilisha) in Khuzestan Province
sahar jalili S. Rahimi

The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, mercury and cadmium) in muscle and skin tissue of Tanoalosa ilisha in Khuzestan province (Karun River, Arvand Rud River, Bahrakan). For this purpose, after determining the stations by GPS, More

The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, mercury and cadmium) in muscle and skin tissue of Tanoalosa ilisha in Khuzestan province (Karun River, Arvand Rud River, Bahrakan). For this purpose, after determining the stations by GPS, sampling of the Tanoalosa ilisha fish was performed using a fishing trip. After catching fish randomly, fish were placed in contact with ice in standard conditions and quickly transferred to the laboratory. Subsequently, the samples were evaluated for measuring the factors of this study based on international standard methods. The results of this experiment showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metals evaluated in this research (nickel, cadmium and mercury) were at the Bahrakan station and the lowest concentration of metals were in the Arvand Rud station. Generally, the concentration of nickel metal found in the fish muscle in Karun was 1±162.11 ???and Arvandroud  Rud station, 0.0±908.09, was higher than the FDA limit. However, nickel in the Tanoalosa ilisha fish skin was higher than the permissible level in all three stations, 1±901.219, 1±588.22. 1±222.15. Regarding cadmium levels in muscle tissue at the Bahrekan and Karun stations, 0.0±547.08, 0.0±421.05, were higher than the WHO and below the FDA recommendations, but at Arvand river the levels were lower than WHO and FDA limits. However, the cadmium content of the endangered fish of all three stations, 0.0±648.106, 0.0±494.07, 0.0±340.09 was higher than the WHO standard and was below the FDA standard. The accumulation of mercury metal in skin tissue and Tanoalosa ilisha fish muscle in all three stations was lower than the FDA and FAO limits. In addition, the amount of elemental accumulation in fish skin was more intense than in muscle tissue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Economical valuation of Urmia Lake for non-consumable values
H. Kazemi R. Hejazi

Renewable natural resources have had a fundamental role in economic and social development of societies during history. Increasing environmental disasters has also concerned economists as well as environmental specialists, and has made the experts at management level to More

Renewable natural resources have had a fundamental role in economic and social development of societies during history. Increasing environmental disasters has also concerned economists as well as environmental specialists, and has made the experts at management level to realise the need for protection and sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, it was tried to determine the economical value of Urmia Lake,usingLogit method which is based on people’s willingness to pay, by CVM method and WTP measurements. The main purpose of this study was to provide non-consumable value (conservation value) of this lake. In this method, 31 variables were investigated. The estimation of the model was carried out using the Logit method with EVIEWS software (10). Analyzing the results indicated that the amount of willingness to pay for each unit price rise is decreased by 21%. Finally, the average value of WTP for non-consumable economic value of UrmiaLake was estimated to be 52.58x103 and the total economic value of the lake was estimated to be $605 million. Manuscript profile

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