Journal of History: 1 (50)

Open Access Article

1 - Nation branding and national image making Project: First Pahlavi and reconstruction process of Iran’s image in modern age
Arash Beidollahkhani Yaser Kahrazehi

Nation branding in conception meaning way is rebuild, construction and Change of image of the country in outside of the land which perception by foreign people, stakeholder and international public opinion. Originally Nation branding is align of the nation with reality. More

Nation branding in conception meaning way is rebuild, construction and Change of image of the country in outside of the land which perception by foreign people, stakeholder and international public opinion. Originally Nation branding is align of the nation with reality. This is so important matter for countries which passed many fundamental changes in their political, social and economic systems. Now the main question which is regarding to this paper is when the nation branding process and image making of Iran started? This paper with focus one nation branding and national image process, emphasis that nation branding and national image of Iran was constructed with Rezah Shah Pahlavi’s policy. Rezah Shah was a first king of Iran who was acting to constructed and Rebuilding of Iran’s image in modern era. Today also nation branding and national image of Iran and perception of nation identity came from a nation branding which made in Reza Shah Pahlavi’s time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A glance at the history of the formation and structure of the Umayyad government and the causes of its collapse and extinction
Mohsen Bigdeli

Mu'awiyah and his followers (according to the name of their Umayyad dynasty) are Caliphs of the Umayyads or Umayyads. He was 14 and 91 years old (from 41 to 132 AH). The Umayyad tribes are divided into two parts: Al-Sufyan, Mu'awiyya ibn Abu Sufyan, his son Yazid and hi More

Mu'awiyah and his followers (according to the name of their Umayyad dynasty) are Caliphs of the Umayyads or Umayyads. He was 14 and 91 years old (from 41 to 132 AH). The Umayyad tribes are divided into two parts: Al-Sufyan, Mu'awiyya ibn Abu Sufyan, his son Yazid and his nephew Mu'awiya II (from 41 to 64 AH), the other "Al-Marwan Branch" (from 64 to 132 AH), namely " Marwan ibn al-Hakam and Ilaadu ». The caliphate was not inherited in the caliphate. The people took possession of everyone who was pleasing to the caliphate. The departure of Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib from the Caliphate for Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sfyan is from the beginning of a new phase in the history of Islam. The system of government became a hereditary kingdom, which, as a result of this transformation (the structure of government) of Muslims, faced a double division with the new political situation. The Umayyad rule (from the inception) emphasized the superiority of the Arab element to others, and Arabism was clearly in the ruling Umayyad rule. Conflict of opinion with the "Alevis" Muslim Arab score on Mali and Irnian, the Karbala affair, the blockade of Mecca and the widespread ban on the Umayyad regime and ... led to bloody controversy and controversy and led to the collapse and the collapse of the Umayyad State Enriched with Bani Abbas Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Fatemid descent and Maymun Family
BIZHAN Parvan Reza Dehghani

The Fatemid descent and Maymun Family Abstract: The Fatemid government is one of the Shi'ite governments that was established by one of the grandsons of Isma'il , Imam Ja'far Sadigh's Son ( p.b.u.h) in the late third century of Hegira (297 Lunar Hegira).Since the establ More

The Fatemid descent and Maymun Family Abstract: The Fatemid government is one of the Shi'ite governments that was established by one of the grandsons of Isma'il , Imam Ja'far Sadigh's Son ( p.b.u.h) in the late third century of Hegira (297 Lunar Hegira).Since the establishment of this government different viewpoints have been expressed about the descent of its establishers for different reasons. Aport from Abbasids' efforts , even the Zeidi and Asna ashari Shi'ites didn't have the same opinion about it. With the intery of the Maymun household into the formation process and development of the Isma'ilid attitude , diffrencess and disputes change from an Arabic / Arabic or Shi'ite / Sunnite to an Arabic / Iranian or Islamic / non-Islamic phenomenon . The resulta of the findings of the present article are the negation of the relation of Meymun household to this sect and the necessity of the separation between the two genuine Isma'ilid currents as an intellectual religious sect and second current with an effective Iranian role and theological and political traits.The Maymun Family Is able to Spicial Consideration. Manuscript profile

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4 - The refleetion of national and ceremonies festivities of Ghaznavite era in the book titled 'Tarikhe beihaghi'
rasol rostami farhad parvaneh mojtaba garavand

One of The manifestetionof each civilization is its.ceremonies which originates.from the cultare and rituals of its society. Abulfazl beihaghi is one of the Ghaznavi writers who has dealt with the ceremanics of his era.The main concern of this stwdy is haw these ceremoi More

One of The manifestetionof each civilization is its.ceremonies which originates.from the cultare and rituals of its society. Abulfazl beihaghi is one of the Ghaznavi writers who has dealt with the ceremanics of his era.The main concern of this stwdy is haw these ceremoies have been reflected in the book "Beihaghi history" by the author. The current stady has been done to investigate haw these ceremonies have been reflected in the same book. To do so we have adopted a discriptive – analytic approach to closely stady the book "Beihaghi history" and collect all the concepts and the words signifyiny those national and reteegiaus ceremonits and interpret the collected data. Based on our resuits" Beihaghi" has managed to depict all the national and relegioas ceremares of Ghaznavi era in his famaus book .national and relegioas ceremares of Ghaznavi era in his famaus book . Key words: Beihaghi, Beihaghi history, Ghaznavite era, national and religious ceremonies. Manuscript profile

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5 - A discussion of the power of Darius and Cyrus killed, Cambiz and Bardia
Ahmad Heydari

The land extensions of Achaemenian government caused power imbalance in Achaemenian family such as that the father and the grandfather of Darius ( that is Vishtasp and Arsham) who had been the relatives of Cyrus and had been settled in margin, had been believed that the More

The land extensions of Achaemenian government caused power imbalance in Achaemenian family such as that the father and the grandfather of Darius ( that is Vishtasp and Arsham) who had been the relatives of Cyrus and had been settled in margin, had been believed that the governorship is their legal and legitimate right and their goal had been the achievement to power gradually and they had been determined to creating a suitable condition for reigning of their shrewd son that is Darius. As a result Vishtasp and his companions had been killed Cyrus after his fighting with Masagesthes and in the way of returning to home and since the condition had not been suitable for achieving to this power and Darius had been so young, then they had been planned that Darius had gone to Egypt accompanying with Cambyses and after his triennial staying in Egypt and his numerous expeditions to Ethiopia and Libya, he had been killed by Darius and his collaborators in the way of returning to home in Syria. Darius says in Bistoon inscription that Cambyses died in nature and then he fabricates the story of Geumata. After the death of Cambyses, his real brother that is Bardiya had been reign. Darius had been entered to Bardiya court without any prohibition and had been killed him accompanying with his six collaborators.( it is necessary to mention that till the time of Darius monarchy, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The position of religion and religion in the educational system of the first Pahlavi period
reza shabani ghobad mansorbakht farshid mehri

What is studied in this article as the position of religion and the clergymen within the educational system and the First Pahlavi Era contains the materials that indicate the method of reaction of the first Pahlavi toward the clergymen within the education field and the More

What is studied in this article as the position of religion and the clergymen within the educational system and the First Pahlavi Era contains the materials that indicate the method of reaction of the first Pahlavi toward the clergymen within the education field and the position of the religion in planning and the context of the course books. Hence, the government was trying to renovate the educational system based on the ancient oriented nationalism and western secularism, the cultural system of the Pahlavi regime tried to decrease the presence of the clergymen in educational system and made some restrictions for them regarding the programs and the context of the courses of religion. Creation of a new Iranian identity based on focusing on the infrastructural institutes such as educational system, was the most important strategy of the first Pahlavi regime in order to homogenize the common people with the governing body. In this regard, extreme nationalism and western-based modernism were the most important ideologies of the first Pahlavi regime. As it was mentioned, the educational system was the most important context where the mentioned ideologies were executed. In order to achieve the ideological components, Pahlavi's most important actions were decreasing the role of the clergymen in educational institutes, the religion course books and the educational programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The king selection during the Parthian period relying on the theories and internal and external, historical Sources
mohamad taghi fazeli farzaneh ahmadi

The Parthian Empire or Parthians 247 B.C 224 A. C, alsohas been known as the Parthian Empire ,they have been one of the Iranian political and cultural powers in Iran, which have ruled for much of Western Asia for 471 years . But this long period of government has been u More

The Parthian Empire or Parthians 247 B.C 224 A. C, alsohas been known as the Parthian Empire ,they have been one of the Iranian political and cultural powers in Iran, which have ruled for much of Western Asia for 471 years . But this long period of government has been unfavorable conditions from historical sources. On the one hand, it hasn,t done the least mention them in the Persian and Arabic sources or indirectly has reflected in this literature . On the other hand, the references that have been mentioned to king selectiion in the rule of the Parthians thed have related to the writings of Greek and Roman writers. Straubon says that the Parthian monarchy has been the selected, namely, the nobles and elders of Majesty Mahestan (according to Yostenlyus Senate parliament ) have appointed the king. According to the sources, it has been spoken from the different ways of king selection. At first , The Parthian period has been further influenced by the tribal system who has appointe as king the largest tribal man that a king could identify directly his son or brother as his successor that this pattern has been most affected under the tribal and eastern system and sometimes it has beeb influenced under the Hellenistic system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The effectiveness of modern medical practices and institutions and its role in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era
valiulah qahremani asl Mir Asadolah Salehi Panahi Naser Sedqi Shahrzad Sasanpur

Several factors were involved in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era. This research method is documents and library. We use set of medical factors in scientific websites and also collected documents and books and using descriptive and analytical method in tr More

Several factors were involved in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era. This research method is documents and library. We use set of medical factors in scientific websites and also collected documents and books and using descriptive and analytical method in trying to answer this question: What medical factors involved in the development of modern medicine and led to its prevalence in society are the Qajar era? The following hypothesis were made in response: Since the medical issues associated with health and replace modern medicine instead of traditional medicine in most cases, the health and vitality of people seemed guarantee so effective in changing people's view of modern medicine and has been pivotal. In this context, the impact of medical factors such as: Institutions of medical, health and education, not meeting people's expectations of traditional medicine, education of medicine in new ways, the application of modern scientific methods by foreign doctors in treating patients and legalization of medicine in development of modern medicine were studied. The following results were obtained in addition to the above legalization of medical affairs was effective in sustainability and continued use of the latest achievements of modern medicine. Manuscript profile

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