Journal of History: 5 (41)

Open Access Article

1 - The role of Shiite teachings (Taziyeh and mourning) in the Constitutional Movement
amirtimoor rafiei mohsen agahasani

Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905-1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors More

Constitutional Movement, one of the major socio-political developments in the history of Iran the Qajar period and within the years 1905-1911 occurred. This movement by different groups of people with different ideologies and ideas emerged the result of multiple factors, socio-political--economic,domestic and foreign factors that between them the role of Islamic forces in particular, the Shiite scholars as religious leaders, community and consequently the culture and the teachings of the Shia the researchers and experts are taken into consideration. Among the Shiite culture taziyeh and mourning in memory of Sayed Master of Martyrs in the course of the court and people has enjoyed a special place. Dramatic Art The role of Taziyeh which express a sense of history shiite Islamic thought and culture and is formed under the influence of Iranian culture and civilization and dialogue as Shiite media discussion and study the social upheavals of the period. We want this article to examine historical documents what is Taziyeh mourning ceremony as part of the culture and the teachings of Shi'ism has played a role in the formation of the Constitutional Movement and make offer them. Which is taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Interactions of JewishMinorityofYazdwithMuslimsintheQajar Period
hamidreza shams esfandiari naser jadidi fezzolahi boshasbgoshe

History of Qajar due tointernal and externalreasonsatdomestic and internationallevel,was evident to a variety of political, social, cultural and religiousevents that have occurred at eachdecadeandits particular point in this era, and has stronglyaffected the lifecontext More

History of Qajar due tointernal and externalreasonsatdomestic and internationallevel,was evident to a variety of political, social, cultural and religiousevents that have occurred at eachdecadeandits particular point in this era, and has stronglyaffected the lifecontext ofthe above-mentionedareas andevenhistorical-ancientphysicallife (situation and thestyle ofbuildings construction). In the meantime, investigation of the interaction situation ofIranian people and the intended area, i.e. Yazd in whichowners ofdifferent religionshavelivedin, in place, seemsinteresting and suchinteractionsandsometimes contradictions were associated withups and downs. This article is in fact a scientific-research attemptin line with thehistoricalandcross-sectionalinvestigationyetdocumentary andanalytical which resulted in a scientific-historic findingin the amount, kind and way of relationships and interactions ofmajorityof Yazd community-theShia Muslims– with a group ofreligious minorities of Yazdcommunityin the Qajar period, i.e. the accommodated Iranian Jewish. The writerassumes that, in different fields, especially areas of commercial, economic cultural, social, religion, etc. many interactions, contradictions, and communications is made betweenthe Jewishminority with ShiaMuslimsresiding in Yazdduring the mentioned period, most of which indicatethecoexistentrelationshipsbetweenthem.The present studyis descriptive-analyticandcollectionofmaterials is in library method.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Survey of the Spread of Sufism in India with an Emphasis on the Historical Development of Pantheism from IbnArabi to Bidel
Masood sedghi Abolfazl Mahmoodi

Contrary to some researchers, Islamic Sufism has the East as its origin and through various ways from Buddhism and other religions in India found its way into the Islamic world. The pantaistic ideas current in India fist appeared in the Khorasan school of Sufism and fro More

Contrary to some researchers, Islamic Sufism has the East as its origin and through various ways from Buddhism and other religions in India found its way into the Islamic world. The pantaistic ideas current in India fist appeared in the Khorasan school of Sufism and from there found its way into the Iraqi school of Sufism. Mohialdin of Arabi of Andalusia who is credited with the creation or at least the arrangement of Sufism and its philosophy, has to a great deal influence Sufism. The works of IbnArabi accompanied with their explications, criticism or even excommunications spread through the Islamic word and even found their way in the remotest parts of the East outside its borders. MirzaAbdolghaderDehlawi known in Iran as Dehlawi has been much influenced by the ideas of IbnArabi, so far that he can be considered as the greatest commentators on the ideas of IbnArabi. Bidel, despite being famous and popular in the Persian-speaking Indian subcontinent and middle Asia, is not much known in Iran. This research through a comparative traces the transfer of Sufism to India. Then analyzes the influence of the Idea of IbnArabi on Sufism and specially the idea of pantheism which is found in the poetry of Dehlawi.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Barriers to Economical Development of Iran from the Point of View of Foreigner Logbook Writers (fromSafavids to Qajar)
seyed mohamad tayebi seyed shams najmi

Logbooks and memories of foreign nationals and non-Iranian are among important sources and documents, which should be considered for investigating and researching about Iran history especially between periods of Safavid and Qajar dynasties, and referring to them is nece More

Logbooks and memories of foreign nationals and non-Iranian are among important sources and documents, which should be considered for investigating and researching about Iran history especially between periods of Safavid and Qajar dynasties, and referring to them is necessary and irrevocable. Most of these sources – in spite of internal sources– paid most of their attention to the discussions and topics about social, economical, and cultural and other daily and frequent affairs of society and people. Economic and economical status of Iran hasoccupied an important place in their reports and writings since they have an interconnected and critical relation with people’s life and governments. In the present article it has been tried to discuss reasons and barriers of economical underdevelopment and hindrance in the aforesaid periods from a descriptive – analytic point of view. Findings of this study show that the mentioned topics were among the noteworthy ones and each has reported reasons and hindrances according to studies, their own observations and understanding.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - British and Ottoman encounter in Persian Gulf
Abbas Ashurinejad Ashurinejad Raziyeh Shojaie

This article considers causes, conditions and result of British and Ottoman encounter in Persian Gulf from 1871 to 1918. In the last quarter of 19th century, Britain as the superior power was defending his interests in Persian Gulf from other claimants with different po More

This article considers causes, conditions and result of British and Ottoman encounter in Persian Gulf from 1871 to 1918. In the last quarter of 19th century, Britain as the superior power was defending his interests in Persian Gulf from other claimants with different policies. More important interests were: consuming oil resources, controlling the main path from east to west and protecting his interests in India. On the other hand, Ottomans were trying to revitalize their power in Persian Gulf to compensate for their unsuccessful attempts in Europe and staying among international powers. Idea of uniting Islamic countries, disagreement with British opposition policy against slave trading and piracy, influencing Sheikhs of Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, were most important policies of Ottomans. In the end of First World War, British could reveal Ottomans policies and break down this empire everywhere including Persian Gulf. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Situation of Women Journals in 1331
Mohamad Kalhor Maryam Haji Bagher Najar

This research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach More

This research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach of women during the second year of Mosaddegh's prime minister in 1331 showing the penetration of socio-political evolutions regarding the events such as 30thTir and the 09thEsfand of same year. The methodology is descriptive-statistical and then all consequences are presented in one table with their statistical analysis.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigation of Shi'ism current opportunities from the fall of Baghdad To the establishment of the Safavid dynasty
Azadeh Montazeri

Recognizing Shi'ism in the Safavid period is a phenomenon which is rooted in centuries, currents, and ups and downs that Shi'ism faced in its attempt to prove itself. The present study made an attempt to examine Shi'ism, its opportunities from the fall of Baghdad to the More

Recognizing Shi'ism in the Safavid period is a phenomenon which is rooted in centuries, currents, and ups and downs that Shi'ism faced in its attempt to prove itself. The present study made an attempt to examine Shi'ism, its opportunities from the fall of Baghdad to the establishment of Safavid dynasty, and the recognition of Iran's Twelver Shi'ism .The results revealed that ,in the course of Iran’s history, from the beginning until before the fall of Baghdad(656 A.H),the tendency to Shiite has been rising but it occurred slowly. However, after the Mongol devastating invasion of Iran and the Muslim world and the presented opportunities, Shi'ism current found such power and acceleration that, after nearly three centuries, despite various sects and religions in Iran, finally, it was formalized and conjoined with the Iranian identity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Reaction Of Imam Ali to the Saqifa Accident in the Nahj al-Balagha
Ali Nazemianfard

As soon as Abu Bakr b. Abi Qahafa received the news on gathering of Khazrajid Ansars  in the Saqifa  of Bani Sâida under Saad b. Ubada,went there along with his assistants-Umar b. al-Khattab and Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah without any hesitation. The absence of More

As soon as Abu Bakr b. Abi Qahafa received the news on gathering of Khazrajid Ansars  in the Saqifa  of Bani Sâida under Saad b. Ubada,went there along with his assistants-Umar b. al-Khattab and Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah without any hesitation. The absence of his Hashimid rivals-Ali and Abbas-,paved the way for him to  intrigue the Arabian political reason- in the shadow of tribal logic- for taking aliegeance by emphasizing on relation with the Prophet Muhammad(p.b.u.h.) and attribution to the Quraysh tribe.The  main question which is in the focal point of the current study,is: Did it incite any reaction by Imam Ali?     The findings of this study- which is under the descriptive and analytic method and rely upon Nahj al-Balagha sermons and historical datas show that Imam Ali rejected the logic of Saqifa trenchantly but adopted the “Strategy of forbearance” and avoiding of unrest intelligently for the protection of Islam from any possible danger. Manuscript profile

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