strategic culture

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the Strategic Culture of Russia and Iran in Establishing Strategic Relations 2000-2018
Alireza Rostamaghae Abdolali Ghavam Ahmad Naghibzadeh kayhan barzegar

The concept of strategic culture has its roots in constructivism; on the other hand, it strikes a blow at "rational choice theory". The question raised in this study is to what extent it is possible to establish strategic relations between the two countri More

The concept of strategic culture has its roots in constructivism; on the other hand, it strikes a blow at "rational choice theory". The question raised in this study is to what extent it is possible to establish strategic relations between the two countries? This study uses a constructivist approach to understand the building blocks of the strategic culture of Russia and Iran, to examine the potential of strategic relations between Tehran and Moscow. This article argues that given the characteristics of Russia's strategic culture, which is based on hard power, not only is there little potential for strategic relations between the two countries, but the two countries compete in many areas, such as the Central Asia, the Caspian Sea, and the energy sector. In this research, electronic and written sources are used. The present research is descriptive in nature and the information has been collected by library method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Marginalization, Continuity in Strategic Culture and Formation of the Historical-Civilizational Bloc of the East in the International System
Alireza Masoud Mehdi Zakerian Abdolali Ghavam Hamid Ahmadi

Alireza Masoud,[1],MehdiZakerian[2]*,AbdolaliGhavam[3],Hamid Ahmadi[4]   Abstract: With the domination of the International System and Western civilization since 1500 AD, the ancient Eastern Civilizations have had similar experiences of marginalization.The repro More

Alireza Masoud,[1],MehdiZakerian[2]*,AbdolaliGhavam[3],Hamid Ahmadi[4]   Abstract: With the domination of the International System and Western civilization since 1500 AD, the ancient Eastern Civilizations have had similar experiences of marginalization.The reproduction of similar elements in the Strategic Culture of these civilizations has led to a common demand to return to their former role and place in the International System. The main question is what factors led to the rapprochement of the ancient revisionist Eastern civilizations and the formation of the Eastern Historical-Civilizational Bloc in the international system?The overall result of the study shows that the war of ancient civilization, marginalization and similar strategic culture between Iranian, Chinese and Russian civilizations has led to the formation of the historical-civilizational bloc of the East, which seeks to create Eastern and Western Bounded Order against the Western International Order. The method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical and its theoretical framework is based on the theory of the Clash of Civilizations by Samuel Huntington and the Critical Theory of Robert Cox. [1].PhD Student in International Relations, Faculty of Theology, Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2].Associate Professor International Relations, Faculty of Theology, Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding Author [3].Professor,Department of Political Science,Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran [4].Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - An Alternative Look at the Foundation of IR of Iran's Foreign Relations: Its Strategic Culture during (1979-1989)
Homeira Moshirzadeh Majid Kafi

Abstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, More

Abstract: The present article tries to analyze Iran's strategic culture in the immediate post revolution era i.e. the first decade after the formation of Islamic Republic of Iran, a period which is highly influenced by the late leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini, as the major decision maker in the country. The authors by a scientific method have drawn a comprehensive picture of the strategic culture of Iran on the basis of Imam Khomeini's perception. The article seeks to discover the main components and features of strategic culture in this period through a study of thirty three speeches of Imam Khomeini. These speeches are analyzed in order to show the cognitive map of Imam Khomeini about important issues. It is assumed that this cognitive map can reveal the connection among various factors that would lead to peace and security. The above cognitive map shows a distinctive approach to the issues of threat and defense. Although components such as emphasis on national power, military strength, national spirit and popular support are more conventional, elements such as the will of God, martyrdom seeking, justice seeking and other related values give this culture a particular distinctiveness. It is argued that distinctiveness can be seen as a model for an Iranian theory of security. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - ‏Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy: identity promotion
ghodrat ahmadyan Seyyed Amirhossein Baniashraf

10.30495/pir.2019.664728

&rlm;The aim of this article is to study the I.R of Iran foreign policy in light of Alastair Iain Johnston’s cultural realism. Generally, all of the approaches used in analyzing I.R.Iran foreign policy are effected by realism tradition and constructivism theory. C More

&rlm;The aim of this article is to study the I.R of Iran foreign policy in light of Alastair Iain Johnston’s cultural realism. Generally, all of the approaches used in analyzing I.R.Iran foreign policy are effected by realism tradition and constructivism theory. Considering the previous studies as imperfect and looking into foreign policy of I.R of Iran based on Johnston’s theory regarding china, this article focuses on Seeking and maintaining identity status of I.R of Iran and its role in international system. By this, the aim is to mix realism concepts with cultural items. The result of research suggest that there is a clear convergency between I.R of Iran foreiegn policy and the Johnston’s Cultural realism theory. So, the strategic and military requests and goals of I.R of Iran in the middle east are subject to strategic culture and cultural realism and are effected by the attention of this country to achievement of position and statuse in Internation system. The reaserch method in this article is descriptive- analytical, the analysis is based on Johnston’s cultural realism and the library method is used for data gathering. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Iranian Strategic Culture and the Limitations of Washington's Coercive Diplomacy against Tehran
Majid Gholampour Ghaffar Zarei Ali Mohammad Haghighi

10.30495/pir.2021.686948

This study is to "evaluate the impact of Iranian strategic culture on Tehran's response to Washington's coercive diplomacy. The question is, "How has the strategic culture of Iran affected its response to Washington's wills i.e. giving up the ideals of the Islamic Revol More

This study is to "evaluate the impact of Iranian strategic culture on Tehran's response to Washington's coercive diplomacy. The question is, "How has the strategic culture of Iran affected its response to Washington's wills i.e. giving up the ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study, obtained through an inferential methodology and analyzed relying on the power of individual understanding, show that the nine components of Iranian strategic culture in regard of diplomacy and defense, including "martyrdom", "resistance", "emphasis on deterrence", tactical flexibility, "Strategic ambiguity", "strategic patience", "self-reliance", "strategic loneliness and a sense of vulnerability" and "the mission of the leadership of Islam and the region" and its 5 characteristics including "achieving the truth of trust", "courage" , "rationalism", "intelligent and thoughtful leadership" and "hybrid and multidimensional nature has led Iran to understand the extravagant and self-reinforcing nature of coercive diplomacy and the importance of resisting US pressure and to prevent an onset for the domino of being blackmailed by US. Thus, the interactions between Iran and US during the past four decades have been based on either the principle of "privilege for privilege" or "reciprocity." Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Place of Culture in Common European Identity and the European Union Integration
حیبب اله ابوالحسن شیرازی حمید نیکو

Abstract Common European identity can be defined as a set of secular-based cultures and values shared by all the citizens of the European Union. Theoretically, there is a European identity alongside other national or cultural identities, and in fact, people have the ide More

Abstract Common European identity can be defined as a set of secular-based cultures and values shared by all the citizens of the European Union. Theoretically, there is a European identity alongside other national or cultural identities, and in fact, people have the identity of hierarchical and multi-layered identity in terms of national or cultural significance. Strengthening a common European identity in which the Europe Union's people consider secularism-based culture as the base of their political, social, cultural and economic values and norms, is vital for the long-term integrity of EU. EU member states, despite religious and cultural similarities and commonalities, have subcultures which have led to their own identity. As a result, they have a different strategic culture and strategic priorities. This different strategic culture is among the key factors that made these countries, especially in times of crisis, not reach a coherent security and defence policy. For analysing the various aspects of culture in Europe and the place and its impact on a common European identity, on basis of the theory of constructivism and strategic culture approach, we can say the secularism-based culture can be considered as a core layer of common European identity and has played a fundamental role in EU integration and also considered the main criteria for the admission of new members to EU.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Survey on Iran-U.S Relationship in the light of the Strategic Culture
Soheil Godarzi Ahmad Soltaninejad Mostafa Zahrani Mohsen Eslami

Abstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequa More

Abstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequate researches. Although describing the historical facts and using realistic analyses to explain current non war- non peace situation are beneficent, but could not elucidate continuity of hostility situation between Iran and the United States. Analysis of this Iran-U.S extensive conflict and hostility requires focusing on material structures of power and geopolitical contrast in one hand and regarding the cognitive and nonmaterial fundamentals of action on the other hand. Without a doubt, current pattern of Iran-U.S relationship Influenced by both mentioned factors; this reciprocal process of impact with material and non-material elements of power and security have described this issue as a unsolved multi-faceted and multi-layered conflict. It seems that strategic culture framework as a pattern that mutually respect to state's objective, measurable and visible act alongside non material and invisible structures of practice can be useful to explain dimensions and causes of Iran-U.S conflict. According to this, the main agenda of this article is to illustrate a more detailed image about Iran-U.S conflict through a comparative Survey on elements and components of two state's strategic culture, with respect to significant security aspects of this conflict. Manuscript profile

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