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        1 - Norm breaking in Ahmad Matar poetry
        Azam dehghani Roghiyeh Rostam Pour Maleki
        Ahmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to free More
        Ahmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to freedom and liberty. Norm breaking is one of his poetry’s features. The present article tries to survey the vocal norm breaking – including rhyme, rhythm, and phoneme norm breaking – in Ahmad Matar’s poetry in descriptive – analytic method by using contemporary critic and study the reasons of this kind norm which are: tendency to modernism, expressing the expectations and discomforts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Lingual Difference in the Translation of Early Versus Contemporary Dramatic texts in Iran
        Elmira Solymanirad Ali khazaei far Masood khosh salighe
        There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead transl More
        There are two general approaches in the area of drama translation: First, an approach that considers drama as literary text and translates it like other literary texts .Second, an approach that translates drama for performance purposes. These two approaches lead translators to use different strategies and  language structures in the translation: the dual classification of dramatic texts into page and stage translation. This paper aims at investigating the language differences of dramatic texts in two different periods in Iran. For this aim, six dramas were selected (three dramas from the earlier periods of translating dramatic texts in Iran and three dramas from contemporary periods). They were analyzed from standard and colloquial language point of view. The results showed that translators followed standard language approach in translating the early dramatic texts although some Persian idioms and colloquial phrases were seen at some spots. And it showed that in contemporary translations that translators’ approach to translating dramatic texts is using colloquial language. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - An investigation of Lexical Gap in standard Persian in comparison with compound and phrasal verbs in Mousirazi dialect
        Rouhollah Yaghoubi
        Mousirazi dialect is one of the southern Khorasan Razavi dialect which is spoken in the Mousiraz village in the neighborhood of Gonabad city. This research seeks to ascertain the extent to which vocabulary or random vocabulary is used in Persian language, in comparison More
        Mousirazi dialect is one of the southern Khorasan Razavi dialect which is spoken in the Mousiraz village in the neighborhood of Gonabad city. This research seeks to ascertain the extent to which vocabulary or random vocabulary is used in Persian language, in comparison with some compound and phrasal verbs in the Mousirazi dialect. Due to immigration to other cities and the declination of the native population of this village, the dialect is in danger, as the new generation has a very different life style in which you hardly encounter the elders' language especially in vocabularies. In this study, the method is field research and the data were collected through interviews with a different range of people especially elderly native speakers. The collected data were limited to 93 of the current compound verbs and phrases and the words from other categories were disregarded. The results indicated that there are verbs including compound verbs without any equivalence in standard Persian. It is notable that in Mousirazi dialect verbs that represent emotions and interpersonal relationships are used with a wider range rather than standard Persian. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Investigation and Linguistics Description of pronoun types in Lori Dialect of Kamfirooz
        parisa davari Ebrahim Jani
        language is a prescribed system of phonemes, speech, and writing signs. It is also a means of   communication to understand other humans. Since the acquisition of language ability, the existence of different languages and dialects was understood by people. Lin More
        language is a prescribed system of phonemes, speech, and writing signs. It is also a means of   communication to understand other humans. Since the acquisition of language ability, the existence of different languages and dialects was understood by people. Linguistics means scientific study of human language and applied linguistic is a branch of a novel knowledge which investigates practical methods and techniques of language research. dialectology is a branch of applied linguistics. Lori dialect of Kamfirooz belongs to southwest languages of Iran. Its grammar and lexical structure of this dialect show that it is rooted in middle persian. (Sasani- Pahlavi) which is a sequence of ancient Farsi. Kamfirooz is a vast area of Marvdasht town located in Fars province. The present study is done by a combination of field and descriptive method. Through linguistic analysis, this study has provided a variety of pronouns in Kamfirooz Lori. The study shows that pronouns of this dialect have some similarities and differences with Farsi; some pronouns of this dialect equal with Farsi counterparts and for some of these pronouns a special word is used. For example Speakers of this dialect use /Vo/ instead of third person singular pronoun (He/She) and (/Vo/, /Yo) instead of "This" and "That". Manuscript profile