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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Determining the appropriate mixture of renewable energy sources in order to reduce uncertainty
        Amir Ghaedi
        In recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sourc More
        In recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sources is that their production power is variable due to the changes of these sources. Accordingly, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the production capacity of renewable energy sources, it is tried to use these sources in a combined manner. In this article, a method is introduced to determine the appropriate combination of renewable energy sources in order to reduce the uncertainty of their production power. In this method, the average, standard deviation, and the histogram related to the production power of the hybrid structure are obtained, and based on this, a structure with less uncertainty is determined. The proposed method has been used to determine the appropriate structure of renewable units in Bushehr region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Using the new meta-heuristic algorithm to determine the optimal capacity and location of electric car parking with the presence of renewable energy sources in the distribution system
        Reza Sedaghati
        Due to the importance of distribution systems, optimal planning and safety of these networks are very important. On the other hand, electric vehicles are one of the main characteristics of future electricity distribution networks. The uncoordinated and unmanaged presenc More
        Due to the importance of distribution systems, optimal planning and safety of these networks are very important. On the other hand, electric vehicles are one of the main characteristics of future electricity distribution networks. The uncoordinated and unmanaged presence of electric vehicles as an additional load in the network can aggravate problems such as voltage drop, voltage stability and increase in network losses. In order to alleviate the effects caused by the uncontrolled presence of these cars, it is necessary to manage their required power in coordination with other dispersed production sources. Therefore, we should try to reduce losses by properly planning the charging and discharging of cars, along with scattered productions, having the right voltage and, as a result, better economic efficiency. Therefore, in this article, the optimal use of electric car parking lots with the presence of renewable energy sources in the distribution system has been studied. Optimization of the problem, a new meta-heuristic algorithm based on the flower pollination algorithm was used to determine the variables of the problem, including the optimal capacity and location of solar sources, as well as electric parking lots and diesel generators in the distribution network. The problem is subject to network operation restrictions (thermal line restrictions, network bus voltage restrictions, etc.), the number of cars in electric parking lots, the permitted power capacity of solar units, and the capacity of diesels have been optimized. In this study, the capability of the proposed method based on the flower pollination algorithm has been evaluated with other algorithms. The simulation was done on the distribution network of 33 IEEE buses, and the results show that the convergence speed and accuracy of the proposed method is high. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Presenting a Multi-Objective Stochastic Integrated Energy Management Model in Electrical and Thermal Microgrids by Locating CHP and Battery Sources, Thermal Storage and Demand Side Management
        Elmira Akhavan Maroofi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Azita Azarfar Reza Davarzani Mojtaba Vahedi
        In this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, locatio More
        In this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, location of electricity generation sources and combined heat and power (CHP) along with energy and thermal storage systems and demand side management are provided in island operation and connected to the grid. A multi-objective function including minimization of energy loss, voltage deviation, cost of resource utilization, as well as reduction of renewable energy sources and reduction of installation cost is considered. The IEEE 69 bus distribution network was selected for analysis and coding was done in MATLAB software and CVX optimization package. The proposed model is also solved by the most powerful existing solver called Gurobi. The obtained results show the performance and accuracy of the proposed model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Improved Low Voltage - Ride Through (LVRT) ‎Performance of an Active Distribution Grid by ‎Providing a Bidirectional Converter to Control DC ‎Bus Voltage Ripple
        afshin kadri Reza Ebrahimi Edris Pouresmaeil
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Fuse Maintenance to Solve Protection Problems in Active Distribution Networks in the Presence of Distributed Generation Sources
        Mahdi Taleb Bahador Fani Ghazanfar Shahgholian
      • Open Access Article

        6 - A Survey on the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Power Flow Components
        Ferinar Moaidi Masoud Aliakbar Golkar
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Downtown Tehran as an Eco-park: The Implementation of Urban Ecological Design in Historic Contexts Based on Glocal Values
        SAMANEH MOHSENI Mahmud Rezaei
        Megacities are highly responsible for the emissions of environmental pollution, energy overconsumption, and the threat of non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, it is vital to develop the ecological design indicators with an energy approach, especially for the hist More
        Megacities are highly responsible for the emissions of environmental pollution, energy overconsumption, and the threat of non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, it is vital to develop the ecological design indicators with an energy approach, especially for the historical urban fabrics, which in addition to environmental issues, have witnessed the migration of indigenous people as a result of physical and cultural degradation. Therefore, this article seeks ways to implement urban design with a renewable energy approach in urban historic contexts, which can be noticeable at the level of the world’s heritage. The research aims to encourage young and active people to live in the neighborhood with a green and sustainable lifestyle respecting energy sources, reducing pollution, and improving local identities at a global level. It thus studies the plausible futures with a series of techniques including Delphi, design solutions, and visioning with a case study method. The case of research is Downtown Tehran focusing on Sangelaj Neighborhood, somewhere between Tahmasebi’s and Naseri’s fortifications. After going through the three stages of design solutions, including context appraisal, vision, and action plans, a Delphi technique evaluates solutions in three consecutive rounds. Panelists including professional urban and architectural designers, as well as experts in urban energy, restoration, environment, traffic, and geology reached a consensus. Findings show that participatory visioning techniques, which mean engaging urban actors such as people and organizations, will improve the implementation of an urban eco-park, with energy, ecological and historical approaches. It thus provides a circular economy and circular neighborhood. The article then proposes strategies such as the complete street, and the use of renewable energies including recycling wastewater, using solar energies, and wind power. These suggestions will highlight the rich historical and natural background of the neighborhood such as Iranian gardens and aqueducts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Energy Management in Microgrids Using Compensators, Energy Storage Systems, Demand Response, and Integration of Renewable Energies
        Hamid Hematian Mohammad Tolou Akari Meysam AmirAhmadi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Majid Babaeinik
        This article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. More
        This article examines the challenges of energy management in microgrids, considering the uncertainties associated with renewable energy sources, dynamic demand, and the presence of various devices such as batteries, distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles. The article introduces a complex optimization model designed for microgrid operations. This model focuses on mitigating the challenges of integrating power electronic generation units, managing demand within microgrids, and incorporating small-scale renewable energy sources. The goal of this model is to minimize various costs associated with energy losses, electricity purchases, load reduction, distributed generation operations, and battery costs over a 24-hour period. Simulations conducted on a test system demonstrate that the proposed model is effective, achieving up to a 20% reduction in microgrid operational costs. This approach provides an effective framework for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of microgrid energy management, and the findings indicate that it outperforms comparative methods by a margin of at least 8%, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving critical indices in the microgrid system. Manuscript profile