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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Rate of Unemployment Trend in Kurdistan Province during 1996-2006 Emphasizing on the Youth
        Saeid Khani Hossein Zarghami
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Genetic structure of population and association analysis of some morpho-physiological traits of bread wheat under salinity stress using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)
        Sasan Farhangian Kashani Amin Azadi shahab Khaghani Mehdi Changizi Masood Gomarian
        Association analysis of 105 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was carried out using 12 SSR markers. For this purpose, wheat seeds were planted in pots in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (10 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM N More
        Association analysis of 105 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was carried out using 12 SSR markers. For this purpose, wheat seeds were planted in pots in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal (10 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM NaCl) conditions and the activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and total protein contents were measured. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and total protein contents were significantly different in the bread wheat cultivars under study. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that gwm67b and gwm282d markers under salinity conditions were more correlated with catalase activity in the studied species. Also, gwm291a, wmc73a, and barc124a markers were the most effective markers in association with APX enzyme. Analysis of the population structure and the resulting plot showed that the K Index and the Average Likelihood Logarithm had the highest value at K =2 (57.38), thus the population under study has most probably 2 subpopulations. Tassel analysis of SSR markers under normal irrigation and salinity irrigation conditions obtained 54 loci related to the traits under study in control condition and 61 loci in salinity condition based on the general linear model (GLM) and also 35 related loci in control condition and 20 loci in salinity condition based on the mixed linear model (MLM) Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - بررسی ساختار جامعه و همخونی گوسفند سنگسری
        م. میرزایی ایلالی س. حسنی م. آهنی آذری ر. عبداله‌پور س. نقویان
        هدف این مطالعه توصیف همخونی و ساختار جامعه در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند سنگسری بود. به این منظور، داده­های 7028 رأس گوسفند سنگسری که در طول سال‌های 1365 تا 1392 در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند سنگسری واقع در نزدیکی شهر دامغان، استان سمنان جمع‌آوری شده بود، مورد استفاده More
        هدف این مطالعه توصیف همخونی و ساختار جامعه در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند سنگسری بود. به این منظور، داده­های 7028 رأس گوسفند سنگسری که در طول سال‌های 1365 تا 1392 در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند سنگسری واقع در نزدیکی شهر دامغان، استان سمنان جمع‌آوری شده بود، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بره‌های متولد شده در سال­های 1388 تا 1392 به عنوان جامعه مرجع درنظر گرفته شدند. آنالیز ساختار ژنتیکی این جامعه با نرم افزار ENDOG نسخه 8/4 انجام شد. میانگین همخونی کل جامعه و جامعه مرجع به ترتیب 28/0 و 70/0 درصد بود. متوسط رابطه خویشاوندی، اندازه جامعه مؤثر تحقق یافته بر اساس افزایش انفرادی در همخونی، تعداد مؤثر بنیان گذاران (fe) و معادل ژنومی حیوانات بنیان‌گذار (fg) به ترتیب 59/0 درصد، 75/148، 140 و 97/49 تخمین زده شد. میانگین فاصله نسلی در جامعه حاضر 24/4 سال و متوسط تعداد نسل های معادل 64/1 تخمین زده شد. متوسط همتباری، تعداد مؤثر اجداد (fa)، متوسط نسل معادل کامل به ترتیب 0005/1 درصد، 76 و 02/3 محاسبه شد. نسبت fe به fa که بیان کننده اثر باتل نک‌های جامعه است، 84/1 بود. پنجاه درصد کل تنوع ژنتیکی مربوط به 32 جد با بالاترین نفوذ بود. با نظارت برپارامترهای مربوط به تنوع ژنتیکی و مدیریت جفتگیری می‌توان از کاهش تنوع ژنتیکی و اثرات مضر احتمالی ناشی از افزایش همخونی جلوگیری نمود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Analysis of rural population structure in regions of Urmia city
        Ali Akbar Taghiloo Ali Akbar Anabestani Reza Khosrobeygi
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combi More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of demographic indicators based on the development levels of villages in the Urmia region. It also examines the demographic structure of rural areas based on environmental capacities. In this research, a combination of descriptive, analytical and comparative methods has been used. The method of data collection is a documentary method and has been compiled from the statistics center, satellite images and documents, and statistics on natural resources and agriculture. The TOPSIS model for development analysis and model cluster analysis was used, and to analysis Population indicator was used of Gini index and measures inequality. The results show that have measures of population distribution in different ecological areas than in rural developmental areas. The Gini index show the same all parameters of population ecological region except density population areas And the Gini index of regional development show that is unequal population growth and mean of rural population. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Study on the structure of phytoplankton population in the Lar dam lake
        F. Karbalaee
        In this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and More
        In this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and transferred to laboratory for further investigation under inverted microscope. In this study, 24 genera which belonged to 5 phytoplanktonic phyla were identified. Among these genera, 8 were belonged to Ochriphyta, 7 generaus was belonged to Chlorophyta, 3 genera were belonged to Dinophyta, 1 genera were belonged to Euglenophyta, 5 generaus was belonged to Cyanobacteria. In this reservoir dam, Ochriphyta was the dominant phytoplanktom phylum with being annually 88.59% of the population, and followeding by genera Asterionella was dominat samples. The others Other phytoplanktonic phylla were: Chlrophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta with following frequencies: of 6.48%, 2.88%, 1.76% and 0.25% respectively, followed by the and following genera: (Pandorina, Scendemus, Closterium, Oocystis, Gonium, Chodatella and Chlorella), (Anabaena, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Gleocapsa,  and Coelosphaerium), (Peridinium, Gymnodinium and Ceratium) and (Euglena). In all of the sampling months, the highest average density was belonged to Ochriphyta with 1560733 number per liter and the dominant genus of this phyllum which was observed in high number during in a months, was Asterionella. After that was, followed by Chlorophyta with average number of 164600 per liter and its dominant genera were Scenedesmus, Pandorina and Chlorella, respectively. Biological studies indicated that this reservoir had low planktonic generation potential. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Identification and community structure of macro-benthose in Gahar Lake (Lorestan Province)
        R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi N. Hasani
        Lake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a comp More
        Lake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a complete research on the zoo-benthic community of the lake, the present study was conducted during a period of seven months from April 2011 to December 2011 with the exception of 5 months during very cold seasons when the lake was covered by ice. The benthic assemblage was sampled monthly from 3 sites in profundal zone. In total 6 genera and species and 5 families were found  from which 1 species is unique in Iran. In this research, the dominant species of the lake are Quistadrilus multisetasus , Stylodrilus  herngianusof class Oligochaets and Pisidium casertanum of class Bivalvia. Their abundance  percentage determined  in respect of total distribution were %69, %13 and %6, respectively. The maximum abundance of total population of macro- benthos in Gahar lake was 11617.78±4910.379 individual per square meter in May and the minimum was 1436.32±671/87 individual per square meter in April. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Assessing Populations Diversity of Small Panel Oak (Quercus brantii) in Western Forests of Iran: a Major Effort in Reforestation Programs
        Adele Rafezi Mohammad Reza Azimi Mehrshad Zeinalabedini Mohammad Reza ghaffari