Silver Coins analysis technique (PIXE), seems an accurate method of measuring their constituent elements. It can offer valuable information about the chemical elements and minerals from the coins living in the coinage. During the Parthian Mint due to various reasons, th More
Silver Coins analysis technique (PIXE), seems an accurate method of measuring their constituent elements. It can offer valuable information about the chemical elements and minerals from the coins living in the coinage. During the Parthian Mint due to various reasons, the usual procedure would change the coins for melting metal, also chose a new mineral. During the reign of the Phraates IV (38-2 B.C.) As well pre (Mitridat I 171-138 BC.), silver coins, including one derhami and four drahmy coins were bronze and copper. The silver coins to the value of the metal and geographies that in turn, were more important than practice. In this study, 10 samples of coins - a complexity Phraates IV by the PIXE were tested. It spectroscopy revealed that the element silver coins in them varies greatly. Silver drop on some coins represent an abnormal situation of economic complexity and effort to win control of the state mint for reign.
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Benevolent caraliership in Iran so called "Ayyari" is one of the most interesting aspects of Iranian social history . The evident shows that this social tradition origin returns to pre-islamic era since Mani's teaching prevailed in this period . For instance , one can f More
Benevolent caraliership in Iran so called "Ayyari" is one of the most interesting aspects of Iranian social history . The evident shows that this social tradition origin returns to pre-islamic era since Mani's teaching prevailed in this period . For instance , one can find same traditions in Ferdosi narration of Shahnameh . It seems that Ferdosi attempted to retell the very facts he had been told of . This tradition turned to be anti-Arab movements of many Iranians in post-eslamic era since Arab rulers and their allied classes were displeased by the publics because of their unlimited cruelty . The people who followed Ayyari tradition were called Ayyaran . They belonged to very poor classes and there fore , they supported the poor. They fighted against the higher classes such as nobles, wealthy people and feudalists. This tradition migrated to Europe with the expansion of Islamic empire and turned to be cavalry tradition in the tenth centry . Ayyari movement remained vital in East of Iran and played a great role in many historical events during Abbasi era a lot of Iranian kings and rulers orginially relied on this tradition for their domintion . It remained as a social value and emerged differently in every period of history
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Benevolent caraliership in Iran so called "Ayyari" is one of the mostinteresting aspects of Iranian social history . The evident shows that thissocial tradition origin returns to pre-islamic era since Mani's teachingprevailed in this period . For instance , one can find More
Benevolent caraliership in Iran so called "Ayyari" is one of the mostinteresting aspects of Iranian social history . The evident shows that thissocial tradition origin returns to pre-islamic era since Mani's teachingprevailed in this period . For instance , one can find same traditions inFerdosi narration of Shahnameh . It seems that Ferdosi attempted to retellthe very facts he had been told of . This tradition turned to be anti-Arabmovements of many Iranians in post-eslamic era since Arab rulers andtheir allied classes were displeased by the publics because of theirunlimited cruelty . The people who followed Ayyari tradition were calledAyyaran . They belonged to very poor classes and there fore , theysupported the poor. They fighted against the higher classes such asnobles, wealthy people and feudalists. This tradition migrated to Europewith the expansion of Islamic empire and turned to be cavalry tradition inthe tenth centry . Ayyari movement remained vital in East of Iran andplayed a great role in many historical events during Abbasi era a lot ofIranian kings and rulers orginially relied on this tradition for theirdomintion . It remained as a social value and emerged differently inevery period of history .
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Archaeological research at the state of Stoene & Asak city of Parthian period in north of KhorasanIn the map of the Parthian empire, the name "Stoeneh" is seen as one of the important states of Parthia, which is located in the geographical area of northeastern Iran. More
Archaeological research at the state of Stoene & Asak city of Parthian period in north of KhorasanIn the map of the Parthian empire, the name "Stoeneh" is seen as one of the important states of Parthia, which is located in the geographical area of northeastern Iran. The importance of this state is due to the historical events of the first kings of the Parthian dynasty; it is also said that Asak, the city where the Ashk I were crowned, was located in this state.During a survey, we found evidence of fortresses belonging to the Parthian era in a village called Ostad in the city of Farooj, which is located next to the city of Quchan. These fortresses are known as the Qaleh Kohne now. According to the villagers, in the past, Ostoo was said to have changed its name to Ostad, which is close to the ancient word Stoeneh.In this article, while describing the historical events of this important part of the Parthian geography, field findings will be given for a complete description of this state and the works of Asak city and the borders of Stoene state.
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This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed: the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More
This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed: the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out.
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This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed: the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its wri More
This article is an attempt to introduce the national epic “ Memoirs of Zarir”, hence the following points are discussed: the nomenclature of this work, synopsis of the story, its origin, the role of Goossunan in its preservation, the process of its writing, rhythm in pahlavi Poetry, discovery of Emile Benveniste regarding this work, dramatic techniques, the appearance of the work in other references, paying special attention to their similarities and differences, Daghighi and Memoirs of Zarir, and finally the translations made so far of this work is pointed out.
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