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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Designing a virtual laboratory-based learning environment and its effect on motivation to progress in science courses
        Narges Feizabadi zahra jamebozorg fatemeh jafarkhani
        The expansion of the use of virtual technologies in education has made education available to learners at any time and any place The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of designing a learning environment based on a virtual laboratory on the progress More
        The expansion of the use of virtual technologies in education has made education available to learners at any time and any place The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of designing a learning environment based on a virtual laboratory on the progress motivation of fifth grade elementary school students in science. The current research is practical and semi-experimental. For this purpose, a pre-test-post-test plan with a control group was used. The socio-statistics included all fifth grade female students of Karaj primary school. 40 people from the mentioned society were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. The instrument used included the achievement motivation questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. At first, both groups completed the progress motivation questionnaire as a pre-test. Then, for the experiment group, the activities and experiments of the science book were designed in virtual form. At the end, the progress motivation questionnaire was given to the students of both groups as a post-test. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical test of univariate covariance with the help of spss version 18 software. The result of the research showed that there is a difference between the progress motivation of the two control and experimental groups in the post-test, and this difference is significant (a=0.05: p-value=0.001); This means that the design of the learning environment based on the virtual laboratory designed on the basis of Bayabi's design model has improved the motivation of students to progress in the science course. Therefore, it is recommended to the teachers and training providers to design and use a virtual laboratory based on the Bayabi design model to improve the motivation of students to progress in science lessons. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The effect of interaction between teacher and student in the virtual social network on achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school
        mojtaba rezaei rad Rohollah Mohammadi atergaleh
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of interaction between teacher and student in the virtual social network on achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school. This research was practical in terms of purpo More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of interaction between teacher and student in the virtual social network on achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school. This research was practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of research method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all the male students of the second secondary level of Sari city in the academic year of 2021-2022, and based on the GPower sample size calculation software, 72 people were selected as a statistical sample by purposive sampling method. Random assignment 36 people in the control group and another 36 people in the experimental group have been replaced. The measurement tools in the pre-test and post-test were Hermens' achievement motivation, Martin and Marsh's academic vitality, and the sense of belonging at school by Barry et al, the findings showed that teacher-student interaction in the virtual social network had a positive effect on the achievement motivation, academic vitality and sense of belonging at school, so that First, it has had an impact on the academic vitality, and then on the achievement motivation and the sense of belonging at school. Manuscript profile