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Open Access Article
1 - The Application of Digital Atmosphere 2000 Software in Spatial Analysis of Climatic Features in Iran
M.A khorshid-Doost یوسف GhavidelFeatures such as thunderstorms and dust storms, foggy, snowy, and rainy days alongwith days containing frozen rainfalls have occupied great importance in fields likeagriculture, transportation, health, and environment. In this paper some abilities ofDigital Atmosphere s MoreFeatures such as thunderstorms and dust storms, foggy, snowy, and rainy days alongwith days containing frozen rainfalls have occupied great importance in fields likeagriculture, transportation, health, and environment. In this paper some abilities ofDigital Atmosphere software have been used in a spatial analysis of some of theabove-mentioned climatic features of Iran. The results indicate differences in spatiotemporaldistribution of the factors under study. Thunderstorms take a higher positionamong climatic elements studied, and the greatest spatial changes belong to the type ofdust storm distribution patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Application of Data Envelopment Analysis Method to Study the Dust Phenomenon in Lorestan Province
Saeed Papi Noushin Birjandi Zahra Cheraghali Ebrahim Moradifard -
Open Access Article
3 - Monitoring and Forecasting of Effective Climatic Factors on the Mobility of Sand Dunes in Semnan province
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Mansor Ghodrati Mohammad KhosroshahiWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by conside MoreWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by considering the weather conditions. Also, the activity of sand dunes based on Lancaster index was examined. The results of this study during the statistical period of 15 years (2003-2017) showed Damghan station with 10% of erosive winds and 1058 days with dust and Shahroud station with 1% of erosive winds and 58 days with dust and Dust has the highest and lowest percentages of winds with speeds higher than the wind erosion threshold, respectively. The results of Lancaster index showed that Damghan city with the highest index has the potential of "fully active" wind sediments and therefore the stabilization of sand dunes is essential to reduce the damage caused by the activity of sand dunes in this area. The results of predicting the effects of possible changes in climatic factors on the mobility of quicksand in the selected station of the province showed that the sensitivity of sand mobility to changes due to increase in rain more than wind speed and to changes in decrease due to rain less than wind speed and if the average wind speed decreases by 30% in the future or the amount of rainfall increases by 30%, the condition of the hills will change from fully active to active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Statistical and Climate Analysis of Dust Storms in Iran
Parisa Fatahi Masrour Maryam RezazadehBackground and Objective: Due to the increase of this phenomenon, current study focuses on the climate and statistical analysis of dust storms in Iran during 2015. Method: Hourly data of meteorological code are used in this study. The software WRPLOT VIEW was utilized t MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the increase of this phenomenon, current study focuses on the climate and statistical analysis of dust storms in Iran during 2015. Method: Hourly data of meteorological code are used in this study. The software WRPLOT VIEW was utilized to plot wind rose. For Synoptic analysis of the storm, data information of middle and upper atmospheres including sea-level pressure data and geopotential height of 500hP surface was received from NCEP/NCAR database, and their circulation patterns were obtained. In order to determine the trajectories of dust storms, the air parcel tracking model HYSPLIT was applied. Findings: The maximum dust events were occurred in Zabol during 2015. Highest wind speed and severest loss of vision were observed at Zabol station on 6 July. The masses of dust were entered to Arak and Fasa from the west and northwest of Iraq and to Zabol from Afghanistan. Records of sea-level and middle-atmosphere circulation database on 21 July 2015, that showed the severest loss of vision in Fasa, revealed the presence of a low-height system over Russia and a high pressure system over the north black sea. A low pressure system was observed over Pakistan which its tabs were extended to the east and south regions of Iran. Discussion and Conclusion: Blowing dust in Zabol can have a local dust source. The greatest dust in suspension events in Arak & Fasa with lower wind speed along. Northeasterly winds can cause of Sistan 120-day wind during the cold time of year that its impact will be greater in Zabol. On the day that severest loss of vision observed, most part of the country affected by tabs of high pressure located on the west in Iraq, that have been reached to the center of Iran with its easterly side. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Mapping of Dusty Stormy Days in Iran Using Geostatistical and Mathematical Methods
Hassan Fathizad Ali Khanamani mohammad zareBackground and Objective: The number of stormy days is determined by various factors such as wind speed, rainfall, soil moisture and so on. The study of this index in the country can be considered in various plans. The purpose of this research is mapping of the number o MoreBackground and Objective: The number of stormy days is determined by various factors such as wind speed, rainfall, soil moisture and so on. The study of this index in the country can be considered in various plans. The purpose of this research is mapping of the number of dusty stormy days in Iran and selecting the best model based on the climatic data of 150 meteorological stations for the period of 25 years (1986-2010). Method: Dust stormy days’ data of the studied stations were analyzed using variogram curves to represents their spatial correlation. Gaussian variogram (R2=0.96) shows the highest correlation between the data. Then, map of the number of dust stormy days in Iran were prepared using different geostatistical and mathematical methods. For this purpose, several mathematical interpolation methods including Inverse Distance Method (IDW), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and geostatistical method of Kriging were used. To select the best interpolation method among several geostatistical and mathematical methods, statistical indicators of Root Mean Square (RMS) and correlation coefficient between observed and predicted data were used. Findings: Results show that the highest correlation between predicted and observed data (R2 = 0.74) was found in kriging indicator method. The southeast and southwest of the country have the highest number of dust storm days. Discussion and Conclusion: High number of dust stormy days in the southeast is resulting from drying of Hammon lakes and blowing of 120-day winds in Sistan plain, and entering of dust from Arabic countries form the direction of southwest. North part of the country has the lowest number of dust storm days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study of Physical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties of Dust in Lorestan Province (Case Study: Kuhdasht Constituency)
Hamid Alipor Kazem TaleshiBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a MoreBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a lot of economic damage. Therefore, since the study area is in the western part of Iran and is highly exposed to dust. On the other hand, so far no comprehensive study has been conducted in this field in the region, so this research is a necessity. Scientific and practical objectives of the research include: Investigating the diversity of soils in the region and their relationship with landforms in the region, Investigating the temporal distribution of dust characteristics in the region, Investigating the soil characteristics of the study area and Hur al-Azim wetland in Khuzestan This is a phenomenon. Material and Methodology: For this study, Kuhdasht basin with an area of 456 square kilometers located in western Iran and southwestern Lorestan province was considered. 12 glass traps with dimensions of one square meter were installed in the area to trap dust at a height of about 2.5 meters above the ground. And seasonal dust samples were prepared during 2015. Sampling was performed for origin from the surface soil of the region and Hur al-Azim wetland. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, the chemical digestion step was performed by the ETHOS 1 microwave device made in Italy. Then, to determine the concentration of elements, atomic absorption apparatus (Perkin Elmer Analyst, 3030) with detection limit of ppm and ppb and flame technique was used and for cadmium metal concentration through graphite furnace technique. Meanwhile, the region's flower was drawn by WRPLOT software, 7.0.0. Finding: The highest rate of dust subsidence is in spring and the lowest in autumn. The average annual subsidence rate of the region is 11.51 tons per square kilometer per year. The textile class of silt sludge dust particles and the particle transfer index from areas with medium to high distances. The average concentration of heavy metals in dust is higher than the soil of the region. In general, the results showed that cadmium and zinc elements have very high pollution factor, nickel and lead have significant pollution and manganese and copper elements have low pollution. The elements cadmium, zinc and nickel, which have an enrichment factor of more than 10, are of human origin, but the element lead is of natural and human origin together, and the elements manganese and copper are of natural origin in the region. The similarity of minerals and the presence of evaporative minerals in fine dust reinforces the hypothesis that it is part of the origin of wetland and offshore particles. However, the study of chemical properties indicates the role of local resources in the generation of dust. Discussion and Conclusion: The main flow of dust in all seasons in the study area is from cross-border areas. The amount of dust is highest in spring and lowest in other seasons, which is lowest in autumn. The particle size distribution class is silty loam, which indicated the presence of resources at medium to relatively close distances to the area. The rate of subsidence in the region indicates the type of regional dust. The concentration of heavy metals in dust is high in winter and the element zinc has the highest amount. The level of pollution index of all elements indicates the spread of pollution in the region. Clay mineralogy showed that the presence of evaporative minerals strengthens the hypothesis of wetland origin and transboundary. In general, this study showed that the deserts of the mentioned neighboring countries and dust sources of Khuzestan province (located in the south of the region) are the main sources of dust in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Tracking Severe Dust Storms Phenomenon in Southeast Iran by using HYSPLIT
Seyed Abdolhossein Arami Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini Mehri DinarvandRegional dust storm events are the prime concern of many countries located within the arid belt of the world. Nowadays, dust is a serious challenge in the world, especially in the Middle East. In recent decades, dust storms is known as the most damaging and inclusive en MoreRegional dust storm events are the prime concern of many countries located within the arid belt of the world. Nowadays, dust is a serious challenge in the world, especially in the Middle East. In recent decades, dust storms is known as the most damaging and inclusive environmental crisis in Iran due to the impacts of climate and land use changes. The aim of this study is to detect and simulation of dust storms in southwest regions of Iran. For this purpose, changes in dust were analyzed during a 22-year period (1995-2016) for six provinces southwest of Iran including Khozestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Lorestan and Kohgiluyeh, and Boyerahmad with an area of about 169266 square kilometers. For this study were using the HYSPLIT model. The data used covered and include GDAS data, view field, velocity and direction of a wind, temperature, and geopotential height in the atmosphere, which are different at various levels. GDAS data for tracking the winding path in the HYSPLIT model were used. Simulation studies of dust particle movement paths have shown that most of the tracks are from the northern and central parts of Iraq and Syria and the source of dust storms are deserts and dry regions of the northern and central parts of Iraq and Syria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The synoptic comparison of severe dust storms in the spring and summer in north of Sistan and Baluchistan province
S. Barkhordar M. Moradi F. ArkianDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situati MoreDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situation for dust and sand storms would provide. In this article to investigate the mentioned phenomenon we analyzed synoptic data from meteorological station in Zabol for the 15-years period from 1995 to 2010. To analyze the dust storm, Horizontal visibility less than 1000 m was defined as the index. Based on this definition, two of the most severe dust storms in spring and summer were chosen and by using the Synoptic data archives NCEP/ NCAR, Synoptic and dynamic conditions of the dust storms were investigated. The results showed that in the summer due to the thermal low pressure system over Pakistan accompanied by cold air advection in the North East of Iran, Causing an Intensive pressure gradient creation in the region and conditions for wind, exceed than the threshold, would be provided. In spring the a baroclinic atmospheric system with low humidity, and Relatively severe cold air advection accompanied by a active cold front, cause increases in wind speed, reducing horizontal visibility and creating dust storms in the east region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of Wind Erosion and Soil Salinization on Dust Storm Emission in Western Iran
Davoud Akhzari Behnoush Farokhzadeh Iman Saeedi Mohsen Goodarzi
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