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        1 - The Status of Otherness in Creating Meta-discourse of Constitutional Movement and Its Effect on Iran’s Political Development
        علی شیرخانی داود سبزی
        The utmost effort was made by Iranians for presenting a modern discourse in the constitutional age. Although minutes and elements of such discourse (containment of monarch’s power, freedom and law) not only failed to become hegemonic in Iran’s community, but More
        The utmost effort was made by Iranians for presenting a modern discourse in the constitutional age. Although minutes and elements of such discourse (containment of monarch’s power, freedom and law) not only failed to become hegemonic in Iran’s community, but also one self-willed and oligarchic government called government of Reza Shah emerged from within such discourse and turned dream of legalism of Iranians that was focus of constitutional discourse into a horrible nightmare in the despotic rule night of Reza Shah. This article deals with a study of how constitutional meta-discourse and its effective factors are formed. It is also shown that how subjective pre-structures of the forces affecting the constitutional movement embark on creating foreign identities and so new identity borders are forged within the movement; the central symbol of this movement changes from rule of law to modernization and security. Besides, it will be shown how otherness within social forces leads to zerosome political development and lack of meaningful change in political culture of community. Methodology applied in this article is discourse analysis of Laclau and Mouffe.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating the Failure of Republicans and the Succession of Absolute Monarchy in the Making of Social Reality Emphasizing on the details of the second to fifth sessions of the National Assembly
        saeed vahidi morteza manshadi reza sarhaddi ghahri
        The realities are based on the community. The political regime requires a transition from the three stages of externalization, objectification, and internalization to becoming reality. In political history of Iran, the familiarity of Iranians with the European political More
        The realities are based on the community. The political regime requires a transition from the three stages of externalization, objectification, and internalization to becoming reality. In political history of Iran, the familiarity of Iranians with the European political systems, especially after the Constitutional Revolution, was the beginning of the idea of ​​reforming and changing the political system among the Iranian elites. After the victory of constitutionalism in Iran and its subsequent developments, the "Republican rapture" erupted at an amazing pace. Most researches have interpreted this incident, a group political tool against the governing board, and have been less concerned with explaining and analyzing it than an epistemological view. From this point of view, although the Iranian intellectual elites erred their mental acts about different forms of government, especially the republic, and later the Republic as a political regime was blamed for a group of political actors but could not go beyond the stage of extermination. The present study uses an analytical-descriptive method and the application of the Burger model to answer this question, what were the reasons for the failure of Republicanism? The hypothesis of the present study is that the republic did not reach an agreement between intellectuals between the intellectual and political elites and was not created as a social reality, because chaos, insecurity, living experience and lack of work of constitutional institutions prevented an agreement between the elites of Iran for The Republic's transition from the stage of extrusion to the stages of objectification and internalisation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The study of didactic and ethical thoughts in social poetry of constitutionality era
        Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni
        In the history of Iran, many events lead to the formation of constitutionality. The emergence of constitutionality by itself put forward the changes of attitudes towards literature, ethical and didactic contents such as justice action, patriotism, and humanity. By putti More
        In the history of Iran, many events lead to the formation of constitutionality. The emergence of constitutionality by itself put forward the changes of attitudes towards literature, ethical and didactic contents such as justice action, patriotism, and humanity. By putting forward these contents the prose and verses of this period are complete reflection of truths as well as the expression of derivation and oppression of people. Therefore, the verses of this period entered to the heart of people. Finally, the direct expression of the social and ethical in verses of this period are different and impressive. Manuscript profile