In this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of t More
In this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of this paper has been to demonstrate that Sohrevardi was not ignorant even in his own intuitive journey, and to achieve the true reality of human felicity and the necessary intuitive knowledge, he deems wisdom and intuition are supplementary to one another. Accordingly, Sohrevardi somehow founded the school of thought called "Integration School" that is a blend of wisdom, quotation, and intuition. There are similarities between Sohrevardi's theories and thoughts with Habermas in terms of system of values and instrumental rationality and communication which this paper has studied and analyzed them here. Habermas and Sohrevardi both believe that one can achieve beyond rationality realities upon the expansion of rational perceptions. Sohrevardi is of a believe that mystical discoveries are also comprehensible through rationality. Habermas on the other hand believes that one can achieve valuable truths through rationality but through communication and mutual understanding. In Sheikh Eshraq's opinion, rationality is supplement of intuition and vice versa; nevertheless, Habermas' notion is that rationality is after proving it. The rationality that Sohrevardi tries to develop is the philosophical rationality to achieve truth and felicity of human beings through the growth and development of intuition
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According to Gaston Bachelard (science philosopher) modernity with its epistemological detachment form that of medieval era developed a new world view for human kind. With this in mind, in this article it is tried to investigate the modernity paradigm based on a few fun More
According to Gaston Bachelard (science philosopher) modernity with its epistemological detachment form that of medieval era developed a new world view for human kind. With this in mind, in this article it is tried to investigate the modernity paradigm based on a few fundamental development including renaissance, Protestantism, intellectual revolution, French and industrial revolution. With these developments, modernity paradigm had promised to set up a new way of life for humanity which would guarantee welfare and happiness for all. However, in spite of its achievements some social scientists have criticized modernity paradigm for failure to fulfill fully its pronounced desired ends. Thus, two main objectives in this article are: investigation of thoughts on modernity paradigm from classic to post modern critics; 2) inquiry into the thought of those scholars believing in transition for modernity and those holding the view of persistent modernity. In the second part of this paper the perspective of two groups of scientists such as post- modernists and revisionists such as Habermas, Gidens and Jimson will be the subject of argument.
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Abstract: The concept of ideal political system and the identifying a political system with proper functions is a issue which has a long history in the philosophy of politics, its long history and its origin in political theory, at least in Plato's statements, in parti More
Abstract: The concept of ideal political system and the identifying a political system with proper functions is a issue which has a long history in the philosophy of politics, its long history and its origin in political theory, at least in Plato's statements, in particular the treatise of the Republic and the treatise of Aristotle's Politics And his famous classification of political systems is evident. Two thinkers who have focused on the theory have been Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas. Kant's ideal government is based on the law and the will of people . Its laws are based on the concept of the right and considering on the prior principles of reason such as freedom, equality and independence . In addition, it is governed by a representative system and separation of powers and calls it the republic . In the present day, the German philosopher and theorist Jürgen Habermas, despite the loyalty to the concept of liberal democracy, tried to find a solution to the failure of this type of democracy to achieve its goals by rebuilding it in its unique way. So he introduces a kind of democracy called deliberative democracy, In this type of democracy, communicative action and rational reasoning and the rule of communicative rationality are decisive elements. The present research seeks to explain the views of these two thinkers on ideal political system of the society.
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