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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Impacts of Perceived Innovation Characteristics on Intention to Use Bio-Fertilizers among Farmers: Evidence from Yengijeh Village, Zanjan County
        Ehsan Gholifar Ali Mirshekari Rasool Lavaei Adaryani Hesamedin Gholami
        Due to adverse effect of chemical fertilizers overconsumption, bio-fertilizers have been considered as an alternative or supplementary input. However, sustainable consumption of bio-fertilizers is dependent to their adoption by farmers. Accordingly, the main purpose of More
        Due to adverse effect of chemical fertilizers overconsumption, bio-fertilizers have been considered as an alternative or supplementary input. However, sustainable consumption of bio-fertilizers is dependent to their adoption by farmers. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to examine the impact of bio-fertilizers perceived innovation characteristics on intention to use them in Yengijeh village in Zanjan County. The statistical population consisted of 313 farmers working in this village from which 165 farmers were chosen through convenience sampling. A questionnaire was applied to gather data that its reliability and face validity was examined, respectively by computing Cronbach Alfa and a panel of expert. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that among five bio-fertilizers’ innovation perceived characteristics (compatibility, complexity, trial ability, observability and relative advantage), only observability had positive significant impact on intention to use these fertilizers. It seems that the observability of bio-fertilizers in comparison with other innovation characteristics can be achieved without need for any action to be taken through environmental indicators and informal relationships. Thus, intention to use bio-fertilizers can be predicted by characteristics that easily and without extra effort can be understood. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating Effect of Growth Promoting Bacteria and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Zea Mays L. Hybrids
        Anise Jorfi Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Adel Modhej
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Effect of Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter Bio-Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Varieties
        Zeinab Amanolahi Baharvand Morteza Siavoshi Yosoof Niknezhad Hormoz Fallah Amoli Masoud Rafiee
        Application of Bio-fertilizers are the most important sustainable strategies for reduction of chemical fertilizers. To study the effect of mycorrhiza and azotobacter bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial experi More
        Application of Bio-fertilizers are the most important sustainable strategies for reduction of chemical fertilizers. To study the effect of mycorrhiza and azotobacter bio-fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications were conducted in two temperate and semi temperate regions of Khorramabad and Aleshtar, Iran. The bio-fertilizer application consisted of application of mycorrhiza, application of azotobacter, combined application of mycorrhiza and azotobacter, and non-application of bio-fertilizer as control. Cultivars used in this study were: Gabriella, Nepton, X-Power and Okapi. Results showed that the average seed yields in two locations are 4265.7 and 4168.0 kg.ha-1 in Khorramabad and Aleshtar area, respectively. The highest seed and oil yields, were belonged to Gabriella (4599.7 and 1923.0 kg.ha-1, respectively) and the least to Okapi (3849.6 and 1591.0 kg.ha-1, respectively). The highest seed yield was attributed to the combined application of mycorrhiza and azotobacter (4408.0 and 1831.8 kg.ha-1, respectively) and the least to the non-use of biological fertilizers (3849.6 and 1650.1 kg.ha-1, respectively). As a whole, according to interaction of three factors, Gabriella cultivar with combined application of bio-fertilizers mycorrhiza and azotobacter and X-Power cultivar with azotobacter bio-fertilizer recommended to Khorramabad temperate region and Aleshtar semi temperate region, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - بررسی اثرات کودهای زیستی و کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های کمی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)
        سهیلا کوره پز محمود آبادی جابر آقا رحیمی
        به منظور بررسی اثرات کودهای زیستی ازتوباکتر و فسفات بارور2 و کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی جیرفت واقع در خضرآباد انجام More
        به منظور بررسی اثرات کودهای زیستی ازتوباکتر و فسفات بارور2 و کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی جیرفت واقع در خضرآباد انجام پذیرفت. عوامل آزمایشی شامل:کودهای شیمیایی و کودهای زیستی ازتوباکتر و فسفات بارور 2 به شرح ذیل بود. (T1): عدم مصرف کود، (T2): 100درصد NPK، (T3): ازتوباکتر، (T4): ازتوباکتر + 50 درصد NPK، (T5): فسفات بارور 2، (T6): فسفات بارور 2+ 50 درصد NPK، (T7): ازتوباکتر + فسفات بارور 2، (T8): ازتوباکتر + فسفات بارور2 +50 درصد NPK، (T9): ازتوباکتر + فسفات بارور2 +100 درصد NPK. نتایج نشان داد که که کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تأثیر معنی­دار بر صفات ارتفاع ساقه، ارتفاع بزرگ­ترین ساقه گل­دهنده، قطر بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، تعداد برگ، وزن تر بوته، وزن خشک بوته (عملکرد بیولوژیک)، وزن تر و خشک گل و شاخص برداشت داشت. به طوری که بیشترین این صفات از تیمار (T8): ازتوباکتر + فسفات بارور2 +50 درصد NPK، حاصل شد. کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تأثیر معنی­دار بر صفات درصد و عملکرد اسانس همیشه بهار داشتند بیشترین میزان اسانس از تیمار ازتوباکتر + فسفات بارور 2 حاصل شد. همچنین کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تأثیر معنی­دار بر صفت تعداد روز تا گلدهی داشت و کمترین این زمان مربوط به تیمار T8 بود. از نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می­توان نتیجه گرفت که اثر کودهای زیستی ذکر شده بر رشد رویشی و زایشی و عملکرد همیشه­بهار مفید است. و استفاده از باکتری­ها نه تنها باعث افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت و زود­باردهی شد، بلکه مصرف کودهای شیمیایی را به نصف کاهش داد Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The Effect of Combined Application of Herbicides and Nitrogen-Fixing Bio-Fertilizer to Control Weeds in Corn (Zea Mays L) K.SC406
        Shahla Ravangard Mohammad Nasri Farshad Sadeghi
        The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria  and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of ra More
        The following study was achieved to investigating the effects of bio-fertilizers N-fixer bacteria  and Methods of controls weeds on quality and quantity characteristics Corn(Zea MaysL. Var K.S.C.406). An experiment was conducted in a Split-plot design as base of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments main plat included bio-fertilizers on three levels (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Control). And Sub plat Methods of controls weeds on Five levels (with out weeding, complete weeding, 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1.5 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, 1 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron). In this study, the maximum Number of spikes per Plant (2.38N.o), grain yield (11313.1 a kg.ha-1) ,biological yield (28673.4 Kg ha-1) and Harvest Index(39.5 %) obtained from Azotobacter with complete weeding treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. The highest1000 grain weight (300.9 gr), plant height (207 Cm), Stem diameter( 4.32 Cm), Ear length( 36.1 Cm) were assigned of Azospirillum with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron treatment had no significant difference with Azotobacter with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron, Azotobacter with complete weeding, Azospirillum with complete weeding treatments. On the other hand the minimum this characteristic allocated to control with with out weeding. The maximum number of weeds per square meter (14.5 N.o), Fresh weight of weeds per square meter (2.146 Kg.m2) and dry matter of weeds per square meter (0.558 kg.m2) were achieved from Azospirillum with with out weeding. And minimum this characteristics   allocated to included bio-fertilizers with 2 lit.ha herbicides Nicosulfuron. This idea necessary to more research.   Manuscript profile