balance of threat

Open Access Article

1 - Exploring the Grounds for Arab Convergence with the Zionist Regime Against Iran Based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat Theory
Asghar Rajabi Deh Borzoei Mohammad Bidgholi

The objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizi More

The objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizing Iran's security threats, have developed their relations with the Zionist regime for reasons including American support for normalizing relations, the Arabs' involvement in internal crises, the weakening of Iran's anti-Zionist ideology, the existence of rifts among Arab countries, and changes in the regional power balance through various military, political, and economic collaborations. They consider the behavioral pattern of threat balancing as the best approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime, like other conspiracies by the Western-Hebrew-Arab triangle in recent decades, will ultimately fail. This plot will not be a concerning issue because sooner or later, it will lead to the disgrace of countries aligned with the Zionist regime and the collapse of these artificial relationships. Given that normalization of relations, at best, will not extend beyond the level of state relations with the Zionist regime, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran maintain active diplomacy to keep the issue of Palestine alive and remind the Arab governments to heed the voices of their peoples who oppose normalization with the occupying Zionist regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of the Zionist Regime in the Formation and Consolidation of the Abraham Accords
Puriya Aghajani Menqari Akbar Ashrafi Mohammad Tohodfam Reza Jalali

The Abraham Accords was formed with the aim of preventing Iran's regional power and behavior in the region. Consolidation of this pact is rooted in the efforts of the right-wing parties of the Zionist regime, especially (Likud Party) led by Benjamin Netanyahu, (Yamina P More

The Abraham Accords was formed with the aim of preventing Iran's regional power and behavior in the region. Consolidation of this pact is rooted in the efforts of the right-wing parties of the Zionist regime, especially (Likud Party) led by Benjamin Netanyahu, (Yamina Party) led by Naftali Bennett and (Where is the Future) party led by Yair Lapid.The main question: How did the role of the right-wing officials of the Zionist regime lead to the formation of the Abraham Accords?Hypothesis: The establishment of a new order through the influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region has provided the ground for the formation of the Abraham Accords by the right-wing authorities of the Zionist regime. The type of research is based on practical purpose. The method of collecting data and information is library study. The current research has used the theoretical model of threat balance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - “Omni balancing” and Saudi Arabian Coalition Building against the Islamic Republic of Iran
Abdol Majid Seifi Naser pourhassan

Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran, several regional coalitions were formed in geopolitical region around Iran, particularly in Arabian Peninsula. One of the important regional actors of these coalitions is Saudi Arabia. The basis of Saudi authori More

Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran, several regional coalitions were formed in geopolitical region around Iran, particularly in Arabian Peninsula. One of the important regional actors of these coalitions is Saudi Arabia. The basis of Saudi authorities in “making coalition” is “balance of threat” which is formed in the face of Islamic Republic of Iran as the source of threat. The present article by rejecting this argument wants to answer this question that the role making by Saudi Arabia in balancing in the Middle East region, particularly in Persian Gulf region and Arabian Peninsula against Iran is based on what logic and base? The underlying hypothesis propounded by the article is that the real root of coalition making by Saudi Arabia, from Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) till Determination Storm Operation against Ansarullah of Yemen and against Islamic Republic of Iran is “Omni aspect balancing” which the source of them are internal crisis of Saudi Arabia. The methodology used in the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفی

Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af More

Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Explanation of Reproduction of the Conflict between the I.R, Iran and the United States in West Asia in Post Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: A Return to Neorealism.
sayed amir jafari enayatollah yazdani mohammad ali basiri

10.30495/pir.2018.607134

Abstract:After the return of conflicting parties about Iran’s nuclear program and 5+1 countries to nuclear negotiations table and the conclusion of international agreement called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA), it was expected that this peaceful model o More

Abstract:After the return of conflicting parties about Iran’s nuclear program and 5+1 countries to nuclear negotiations table and the conclusion of international agreement called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA), it was expected that this peaceful model of settlement of disputes can be used for other conflicting issues. But the post JCPA developments reduced the hope and possibility of applying this model to other disputing issues. Contrary to the views of analysts, Iran has remained on top of security threat recognized by the United States and its traditional allies in the region. Besides that the entrance of extra regional actors in the region has added intensity to counter balancing in the region. Although the neo-realist theory cannot alone offer a correct perception about the developments of the Middle East yet it is having the power to simplify the explanation of events and more realistically predict the future developments. The present article tries to answer the question that “What are the causes of regenerating conflicts between Iran and the United States in post JCPA era?” the neo-realist theory helps us to explain the answer to the above question. The hypothesis is that due to continuation of balance of power in the Middle East, one can see the intensification of security competitions and regeneration of insecurity with the objective of disrupting the present balance of power. The cooperation of Iran with 5+1 countries has not been able to prevent escalation of conflicts in the Middle East. Therefore, it seems that following the model of JCPA for solving other differing regional issues will be having heavy costs for Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Evaluation of Possibility Assessment of Russia - China Cooperation on Atlanticism (2011-2021)
Miad Sadeghi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Mohammadreza Ghaedi

The expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NAT More

The expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NATO to the east, what will happen in the spheres of influence of NATO and the neighboring countries of those spheres and the conditions created, causes predictions in this field; One of them is the evaluation of the feasibility of cooperation between China and Russia with their own special conditions against this action, that is, Atlanticism. After experiencing many ups and downs in China-Russia relations, these two countries have gradually expanded their comprehensive cooperation since the mid-1990s. In the meantime, the expansion of NATO to the east is one of the important political, military and security issues that has led to the expression of common concern. And at the same time, the cooperation and positions of the two countries have come closer, especially towards the policies and actions of America and even Europe. Russia's concern about the presence of NATO in its borders and China's concern about the close military cooperation of the West with Taiwan have caused the two countries to work harder for mutual cooperation and their development fields. The concept of new Atlanticism provides a framework for analyzing security and normative challenges facing Europe and the world. This work and many similar works emphasize the fact that the behavior of America and its allies in the international system has become the basis for the creation of various coalitions and alliances. From the perspective of this research and emphasizing the threat balance theory, when the hegemon country and its allies create threats, or show threatening behaviors; They will create coalitions and alliances. In this article, an attempt was made to discuss the feasibility of expanding cooperation between China and Russia against Atlanticism by using the theoretical framework of threat balance. And the topic of these cooperation was examined according to the concepts, general capabilities such as (population, economic power, military power, etc.), geographical proximity, offensive capabilities and offensive intentions from the perspective of the threat balance theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Russia's balancing acts in the 2014 Ukraine crisis
Ali Mousaei Enayatollah Yazdani Mohammadali basiri

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine has always been the scene of Russia-West competition due to its identity, geopolitical, geo-economic and economic importance, and has witnessed serious conflicts and various political-security crises. The 2014 Ukraine cris More

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine has always been the scene of Russia-West competition due to its identity, geopolitical, geo-economic and economic importance, and has witnessed serious conflicts and various political-security crises. The 2014 Ukraine crisis, which began with Russia’s pressure on Ukraine to refuse to join a free trade agreement with the European Union, eventually led to the annexation of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation could also be considered in the context of the same competitions between Russia and the West. A competition that not only started the crisis and annexed Crimea to Russia; Rather, it sharply increased tensions between Russia and the West. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to answer the questions that why did Russia decide to annex the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation, and what effect did this annexation have on the balance of power in the Black Sea region? In this article, with a qualitative method and analytical approach, the research questions in the conceptual context of the balance of threat theory have been examined using library resources. The findings of the article show that the elimination of threats from Ukraine's possible membership in the European Union against Russia's security and national interests has been the reason for Russia's decision to annex Crimea to the Russian Federation. This annexation has also changed the balance of power in favor of Russia vis a vis the West in the Black Sea region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - ISIS and Creation of Balance of Threat in Iran-Iraq Relations
Abdolmajid Seifi Naser Pourhassan

Abstract: Iran's relation with its western neighbor is one of the most unusual in the history of foreign relations in international Relations. This relation has included long-term dispute periods and short-term period of peace and coexistence in recent centuries. From 1 More

Abstract: Iran's relation with its western neighbor is one of the most unusual in the history of foreign relations in international Relations. This relation has included long-term dispute periods and short-term period of peace and coexistence in recent centuries. From 1958 to 2003, there were many severe disputes between two countries that led to eight-year war between them. After escalation the war in Syria and Neo salafist groups’ arrival in this country, most of the Syria’s neighbors are also involved in this crisis. Among these neighbors, Iraq is confronted with a crucial situation. The invasion of Neo salafist groups, especially Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS), to Iraq due to a crucial condition for both Iraq and Iran. Therefore, the expansion of ISIS presence results in creating a common threat for these neighbors and encourages them to create the balance of threat. This article aims to investigate the impact of ISIS’ expansion to Iraq on creating a balance of Threat in Iraq-Iran relations. Manuscript profile

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