List of Articles Water Supply Network

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  1 - Water loss from urban water supply networks and the factors affecting it
  Seyed Hamid Alavi
  Water loss is a significant issue that leads to substantial damage to water resources, civil infrastructure, the environment, and water distribution companies. Urban water supply networks, particularly in regions with scarce water resources, face challenges related to w More

  Water loss is a significant issue that leads to substantial damage to water resources, civil infrastructure, the environment, and water distribution companies. Urban water supply networks, particularly in regions with scarce water resources, face challenges related to water loss. Leakage from these networks constitutes a major portion of the overall water loss. Factors contributing to leakage include the aging of water supply systems, pipe damage due to soil stresses and urban traffic, fluctuations in water pressure, improper urban plumbing practices, and inadequate embankments. Examining factors such as pressure, pipe type, soil environment, and temperature can help identify the causes of leakage and effectively manage and mitigate its volume. Laboratory and field investigations have revealed that the leakage power, contrary to the pressure-leakage relationship, falls within the range of 0.5 to 2.79, with values exceeding 0.5 due to variations in pipe types, dimensions, and the type of cracks. Reducing the D50 (median grain size) of the soil and selecting an appropriate soil granulation around the pipes can effectively reduce the leakage flow rate. This article provides an overview of water wastage, its types, and underlying causes, followed by a discussion on the fundamentals of leakage calculation. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Feasibility study of development and exploitation projects of hydroelectric power stations in urban main water supply systems using hierarchical analysis method (case study: part of Tehran main metropolitan water main pipeline system)
  Rojin ziaeipourroudsari Mohammad Reza Beheshti
  Preserving the environment and making fossilfuels viable for energy production, as well as power grid losses and low efficiency of thermal power plants, have drawn human attention to the use of alternative and renewable resourcesof energy such as hydroenergy.One of the More

  Preserving the environment and making fossilfuels viable for energy production, as well as power grid losses and low efficiency of thermal power plants, have drawn human attention to the use of alternative and renewable resourcesof energy such as hydroenergy.One of the most effective approaches to operational managementof the urbanwatersupply networks is to control thesurplus hydraulicpressure in somepartsof thesystem.Therefore,utilizing thepotential head along main gravitypipelines route to recoverenergy can be considered as a favourable strategy for optimum flowcontrol and management of thewaterpressure in the network.In this study,by applying hydraulic simulationof a given water supply network,the important hydraulicparameters suchas available netpressure head in various locationsof waterpipeline and water reservoirs inflow havebeen derived.Hence,by considering these essentialparameters and taking into account the topographicstatusof water transmission route and hydraulicgrade line elevation at each point,thepower output was calculated at nine selected hydropower sites.In addition,to Prioritizing theconstruction and operationof theproposed hydropower potentials and providing useful guidance to authorities,investors and executive managers,a multi-criteria decision-making analysis based on the analytic hierarchy process was conducted according to five key criteria including technical,economic,social, passivedefence and environmental aspects.Hence,a comprehensive multi-criteria model based on AHP and questionnaires has been developed to rank hydroenergy production in proposed sites in a water supply network.By analysing the expert questionnaires and weighting to each of thecriteria and sub-criteria(pairwise comparison)in theExpertChoicesoftware,it was found that thetechnical,economic,environmental,passivedefence and socialcriteria were ranked in first to fifth place,respectively.The results showed that microhydropower potential sites in R.1183,R.1453 and R.57reservoirs with installed capacityof3100,4107and1072KW respectively,were ranked in thefirst to third priorityof construction in thestudied watersupply network. Manuscript profile